The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

Molina‐Montes, Esther; Ubago‐Guisado, Esther; Petrova, Dafina; Amiano, Pilar; Chirlaque, María‐Dolores; Agudo, Antonio; Sánchez, María‐José

doi:10.3390/nu13124293

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…We speculate that the non-significantly lower risk of cardiovascular and cancer mortality in our study participants with an increasing LTPA trajectory might be due to the relatively small sample size. The decrease in cancer mortality risk in the study population with a medium/stable LTPA trajectory supports previous findings [ 30 - 32 ], and underlines the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle in reducing cancer mortality [ 37 ], which has become one of the main causes of death worldwide [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Associations of Long-Term Physical Activity Trajectories With All-Cause Mortality in a General Population

Lee¹,

Liu²,

Chen

et al. 2023

Int J Public Health

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Objectives: We investigated the associations of mean levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and latent LTPA trajectories with all-cause mortality risk.Methods: Trajectories of LTPA were established using group-based trajectory analysis with a latent class growth model in a population-based cohort between 1996 and 2014. A Cox-proportional hazard model was conducted to examine the associations of LTPA quintiles and LTPA trajectories with all-cause mortality.Results: A total of 21,211 participants (age 18–90 years) were analyzed (median follow-up 16.8 years). The study participants were divided into five groups according to percentiles of LTPA (<20th, 20th–<40th, 40th–<60th, 60th–<80th, ≥80th) and LTPA trajectories (low/stable, medium/stable, increasing, decreasing, and fluctuating), respectively. Participants with a decreasing trajectory did not have a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality despite having the highest baseline level of LTPA. In contrast, participants with a medium/stable (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.98, p = 0.031) or an increasing (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33–0.97, p = 0.037) trajectory had a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality.Conclusion: Promotion of maintaining stable LTPA is beneficial for public health and survival.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Associations of Long-Term Physical Activity Trajectories With All-Cause Mortality in a General Population

Lee¹,

Liu²,

Chen

et al. 2023

Int J Public Health

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“…When light to moderate wine consumption was assessed in the context of a Med Diet and other lifestyle factors, no increased cancer risk was observed [10,30,31]. The extent to which different drinking and dietary patterns, lifestyle habits and/or beverage specific ingredients are responsible for the observed reduced risk of certain cancers continues to be discussed, and may provide an explanation as to why no increased breast cancer risk has generally been observed within the context of a Mediterranean Diet [31,[45][46][47][48][49][50]. When examining moderate wine consumption in the context of the Mediterranean diet and typically with the meals, no increased cancer risk, even for breast cancer [30,47] was found.…”

Section: Moderate Wine Intake In the Mediterranean Diet And Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate wine consumption and cancer risk in context

Fradera¹,

Hammer²

2023

BIO Web Conf.

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There is no doubt that excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and binge drinking patterns increase the risk for cancer and many other diseases. Regarding the safety of light to moderate consumption of wine/alcoholic beverages, however, mixed messages exist. For decades, the potential health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been consistently shown, in particular for reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, some population studies suggested that there is no safe limit of alcohol and ANY consumption is harmful to health, because of an increased cancer risk. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and it is increasingly accepted that certain lifestyle choices can affect the risk of developing cancer. Individuals do not drink only wine/alcoholic beverages, they eat different foods and have particular lifestyle habits. Besides several unmodifiable risk factors (age, sex, ethnicity and genetic disposition), improving lifestyle habits may contribute to reduce the risk of cancer. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), one third of the cancers could be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle (such as avoiding smoking, maintaining a normal body weight, being physically active, avoiding excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and keeping a healthy dietary pattern). Furthermore, the Mediterranean Diet is considered as one of the healthiest in the world by the WHO and is directly associated with a lower rate of mortality thanks to its effects on disease prevention. However, moderate consumption of wine is an important component of that diet. So recommendations for a healthy lifestyle which include a healthy, balanced diet and avoidance of any alcoholic beverage may be confusing. Can moderate wine drinkers still enjoy a glass of wine with the meal without jeopardizing their health? A detailed analysis of the scientific evidence will be provided and the risk of moderate wine consumption within the context of lifestyle will be examined.

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“…In addition, daily intakes of fruits, vegetables, and legumes [ 61 ] should be met for micronutrient coverage, eliminating the need for the supplementation of nutrients above the recommended intakes. In this regard, the western diet, with a variety of highly processed foods and a high intake of omega-6 fatty acids from high-fat animal foods and sunflower, safflower, and corn oil, appears less favorable than a Mediterranean diet [ 37 , 62 ]. In particular, the high intake of olive oil [ 63 ] seems to have positive effects on the prevention of some cancers and on the prevention of noncommunicable diseases [ 37 , 44 ].…”

Section: Nutrition and Nutrition Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supportive Care in Oncology—From Physical Activity to Nutrition

et al. 2022

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The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are associated with impairment at the physical and at psychological level. In addition, side effects are a potentially treatment-limiting factor that may necessitate dose reduction, delay, or even discontinuation of therapy, with negative consequences for outcome and mean survival. Numerous studies have shown that physical activity and sports and exercise therapy programs are not only practicable but also recommendable for oncologic patients during the acute phase and in the aftercare. Furthermore, nutrition plays an important role in all stages of tumor therapy. A timely integration of a nutrition therapy and physical activity in the form of physiotherapy and sports therapy serves to prevent and reduce treatment-associated side effects. Evidence-based recommendations on cancer prevention through nutrition therapy, physical activity, and sports and exercise therapy should be integrated into treatment plans for oncology patients as well as in health care services for the general population. Individual counselling by trained nutrition and exercise specialists may be advisable to receive concrete recommendations on the respective tumor entity or specific side effects. This mini review is based on a selective literature search in the PubMed database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on the subjects of healthy diet and physical activity in primary prevention and follow-up about cancer.

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The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

Cited by 27 publications

References 97 publications

Associations of Long-Term Physical Activity Trajectories With All-Cause Mortality in a General Population

Associations of Long-Term Physical Activity Trajectories With All-Cause Mortality in a General Population

Moderate wine consumption and cancer risk in context

Supportive Care in Oncology—From Physical Activity to Nutrition

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