The role of diet and exercise in the transgenerational epigenetic landscape of T2DM

Barrès, Romain; Zierath, Juleen R.

doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.87

Cited by 174 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…nutrient excess combined with the inflammatory conditions and altered hormones associated with obesity) that leads to a reprogramming of metabolic pathways is still unknown. Increasing evidence points to a process of developmental programming, which alters the structure or function of a tissue due, in part, to epigenetic changes (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity reduces oxidative capacity in fetal skeletal muscle of Japanese macaques

McCurdy¹,

Schenk²,

Hetrick³

et al. 2016

JCI Insight

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity reduces oxidative capacity in fetal skeletal muscle of Japanese macaques

McCurdy¹,

Schenk²,

Hetrick³

et al. 2016

JCI Insight

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“…This is not surprising, considering the essential role DNA methylation plays in regulating gene expression [2], impacting essential processes such as cell differentiation. Inactivation of the DNA methyltransferases causes embryonic lethality in mice [3,4], underscoring the importance of correct DNA methylation patterns during normal development, with implications not only in health, but also disease.Aberrant DNA methylation has been reported in, for example, cardiovascular [5], neurodegenerative [6] and metabolic [7] disease. A link between DNA methylation and cancer was demonstrated as early as 1983, when a substantial proportion of CpG sites that were methylated in normal tissues were found to be unmethylated in cancer cells [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aberrant DNA methylation has been reported in, for example, cardiovascular [5], neurodegenerative [6] and metabolic [7] disease. A link between DNA methylation and cancer was demonstrated as early as 1983, when a substantial proportion of CpG sites that were methylated in normal tissues were found to be unmethylated in cancer cells [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Details matter: the role of genomic location and assay standardization in DNA methylation analyses

Lind

Engeland

2017

Epigenomics

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Close to 60,000 papers mentioning DNA methylation have been published by April 2017, and more than 5000 of them were published last year alone [1]. This amounts to about 14 papers per day demonstrating an exploding interest for performing DNA methylation analyses. This is not surprising, considering the essential role DNA methylation plays in regulating gene expression [2], impacting essential processes such as cell differentiation. Inactivation of the DNA methyltransferases causes embryonic lethality in mice [3,4], underscoring the importance of correct DNA methylation patterns during normal development, with implications not only in health, but also disease.Aberrant DNA methylation has been reported in, for example, cardiovascular [5], neurodegenerative [6] and metabolic [7] disease. A link between DNA methylation and cancer was demonstrated as early as 1983, when a substantial proportion of CpG sites that were methylated in normal tissues were found to be unmethylated in cancer cells [8]. This hypomethylation, frequently seen early in cancer development, is commonly followed by locus-specific hypermethylation. Large-scale analyses have shown that DNA methylation aberrations are frequently present in cancers [9] and that DNA methylation profiling enables distinguishing cancer subtypes [10] and classifying cancers of unknown primary origin [11].A variety of DNA methylation aberrations have been suggested as biomarkers for early detection, prognostication and monitoring of cancer, including in noninvasive clinical material such as blood, stool, urine and bile. Great hopes are also tied to DNA methylation as a direct target for epigenetic therapy. Technological advancements, including genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation aberrations in groups of diseased individuals and healthy controls, are supporting a steady increase in the number of DNA methylation based biomarkers, especially for cancer.However, despite the enormous amount of papers that are being published on DNA methylation, hardly any of these findings enter routine clinical practice. This low success rate can be explained by the observation that the DNA methylation marker field suffers from general methodological issues that affect biomedical and biomarker research, such as insufficiently stringent methodology, low-quality reporting (including lack of adherence to reporting guidelines such as CONSORT, STARD, "Only when including quality and standardization at every level of DNA methylation analyses, will we be able to achieve the robustness to independently validate DNA methylation analyses and to compare multiple methylation studies in systematic reviews. This is the only way to more efficiently develop future DNA methylation based biomarkers."Manon van Engeland

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“…Such healthy lifestyles and physical activity levels would have undoubtedly induced beneficial epigenetic influences leading to reduced disease risk in subsequent generations. [50,51] However, longevity is notably higher among present day humans compared to the preindustrial humans despite the seemingly healthier lifestyles of those people possibly because the major causes of deaths were acute factors; [52] there were no antibiotics against infectious diseases, and modern medical equipment needed to take care of injured persons as a result of war, violence or accidental trauma were not available. Moreover, seasonal epidemics may have caused significant deaths among the preindustrial humans.…”

Section: Changing Ancestral Life Style Factors and Implications On DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[50,51,[233][234][235] Physical inactivity correlates strongly with both childhood and adult obesity, and obese individuals are more likely to overindulge in western style energy dense foods. Already, we have described how parental obesity programs the offspring to develop NCCDs later in life through epigenetic modulatory changes that affect germ line and placental methylation levels, [167][168][169]175,236] and gut microbiota.…”

Section: Technological Advances and Physical Activity Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Traditional Food and Lifestyle Behavior on Epigenetic Burden of Chronic Disease

Imam

Ismail

2017

Global Challenges

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There are already extensive reviews on the global burden of NCCDs in the public domain. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The consensus that can be surmised from the available data on NCCDs is that their overall prevalence appears to be rising globally and the projections indicate an upward trend. Epidemiological transition data suggests that the morbidity and mortality rate from these diseases is far more than that of communicable diseases in the developed world [7] and a similar trend is now occurring in the low to medium income countries (LMICs). [8] Among the NCCDs, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, followed closely by metabolic diseases like Noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The mismatch between present day diets and ancestral genome is suggested to contribute to the NCCDs burden, which is promoted by traditional risk factors like unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco. However, epigenetic evidence now suggests that cumulatively inherited epigenetic modifications may have made humans more prone to the effects of present day lifestyle factors. Perinatal starvation was widespread in the 19th century. This together with more recent events like increasing consumption of western and low fiber diets, smoking, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and environmental pollutants may have programed the human epigenome for higher NCCDs risk. In this review, on the basis of available epigenetic data it is hypothesized that transgenerational effects of lifestyle factors may be contributing to the current global burden of NCCDs. Thus, there is a need to reconsider prevention strategies so that the subsequent generations will not have to pay for our sins and those of our ancestors. Cardiovascular DiseasesDr. M. U. Imam

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The role of diet and exercise in the transgenerational epigenetic landscape of T2DM

Cited by 174 publications

References 113 publications

Maternal obesity reduces oxidative capacity in fetal skeletal muscle of Japanese macaques

Maternal obesity reduces oxidative capacity in fetal skeletal muscle of Japanese macaques

Details matter: the role of genomic location and assay standardization in DNA methylation analyses

The Impact of Traditional Food and Lifestyle Behavior on Epigenetic Burden of Chronic Disease

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