The role of dietary proteins and carbohydrates in gut microbiome composition and activity: A review

Peled, Stav

doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106911

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 156 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Casein has been proven to carry innumerable nutritional values for humans, and it has long been used in the diets of infants to provide nutritional support (7). Casein can easily degrade in the small intestine, and is subsequently available for bacteria in the large intestine to increase the communities of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium while decreasing the counts of Staphylococci, Coliforms, and Streptococci (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, casein is not easily available to children in the undeveloped areas, especially in the remote areas (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Protein Alleviates Malnutrition in Weaning Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Metabolites

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary intervention with plant protein is one of the main methods that is used to lessen the symptoms of malnutrition. Supplementary soy protein to undernourished weaning rats for 6 weeks significantly increased their body weight gain. After the intervention, the level of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was restored to 1,512.7 μg/g, while the level was only 637.1 μg/g in the 7% protein group. The amino acids (valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) increased in the colon, and vitamin B6 metabolism was significantly influenced in undernourished rats. The tryptophan and glycine-serine-threonine pathways were elevated, leading to an increase in the level of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the serum. In addition, the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Lactobacillus increased, while Enterococcus and Streptococcus decreased compared to undernourished rats. Overall, soy protein improved the growth of rats with malnutrition in early life by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites in the colon and serum.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Protein Alleviates Malnutrition in Weaning Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Metabolites

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The digestibility of protein directly determines the bioavailability of amino acids. Moreover, undigested proteins that enter the large intestine are further degraded or transformed by gut microbes through proteolysis or a fermentation process into mutagenic products, which increases the risk of developing bowel diseases. , Therefore, the digestion and absorption of food and its impact on gut health have been paid more and more attention recently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, undigested proteins that enter the large intestine are further metabolized by gut microbes through proteolysis or a fermentation process, which generate ammonia, indole, N-nitroso compounds, phenolic compounds, and so on. They may increase the risk of developing bowel diseases. , Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of dietary protein quality should include amino acid composition, digestibility, and the generation of bioactive peptides …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Based Meat Analogues Weaken Gastrointestinal Digestive Function and Show Less Digestibility Than Real Meat in Mice

Xie

Cai

Huang

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Real meat and plant-based meat analogues have different in vitro protein digestibility properties. This study aims to further explore their in vivo digestion and absorption and their effects on the gastrointestinal digestive function of mice. Compared with the real pork and beef, plant-based meat analogues significantly reduced the number of gastric parietal cells, the levels of gastrin/CCKBR, acetylcholine/AchR, Ca2+, CAMK II, PKC, and PKA, the activity of H+, K+-ATPase, and pepsin, the duodenal villus height, and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth and downregulated the expression of most nitrogen nutrient sensors. Peptidomics revealed that plant-based meat analogues released fewer peptides during in vivo digestion and increased the host- and microbial-derived peptides. Moreover, the real beef showed better absorption properties. These results suggested that plant-based meat analogues weaken gastrointestinal digestive function of mice, and their digestion and absorption performance in vivo is not as good as the real meat.

show abstract

“…Actually, SCFAs in the human gut primarily originate from the fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates, which amounts to a production of SCFAs of 0.24~0.38 kg body weight −1 h −1 [ 33 ]. Although colonic protein fermentation also offered SCFAs, it is more preferable for gut microbiota to ferment carbohydrates for ATP, which can facilitate the biosynthesis of proteins using nitrogenous substrates [ 12 ]. This may explain the sharpest decrease in pH ( Figure 4 ) induced by raffinose, which was in agreement with another in vitro fermentation reported before [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, prebiotics are chiefly thought to be various types of carbohydrates that are resistant to the digestion of the host [ 11 ]. However, some fragments from bovine and human breast milk were also reported to generate beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota [ 12 ]. WP-derived peptides could not only present bacteriostasis against pathogenic strains of E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus , but also show growth-promoting effects on Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15,707 [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Gut Fermentation of Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Evaluation of Its Potential Modulation on Infant Gut Microbiome

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whey protein and its hydrolysate are ubiquitously consumed as nutritional supplements. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the infant gut microbiome, which is more variable than that of adults. Colonic fermentation was simulated through a static digestion model and fecal culture fermentation, using feces from normal infants aged from 1–3 years old. During in vitro gut fermentation, measurements of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were performed. Additionally, the growth curves of cultivated probiotics were analyzed to evaluate the prebiotic potential of WPH. Besides the decline of pH in fermentation, the addition of WPH induced a significant increase in the SCFA production and also the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus (p < 0.05). The lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in WPH-supplemented samples indicated the positive modulation of WPH on the gut microbiota, which could benefit the energy balance and metabolism of infants. The stimulation effect of WPH on the probiotics (particularly Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM) during cultivation implied the prebiotic potential as well. Our findings shed light on WPH as a valuable dietary supplement with not only enriched resources of essential amino acids but also the potential to restore the infant gut microbiome.

show abstract

The role of dietary proteins and carbohydrates in gut microbiome composition and activity: A review

Cited by 50 publications

References 156 publications

Soy Protein Alleviates Malnutrition in Weaning Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Metabolites

Soy Protein Alleviates Malnutrition in Weaning Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Metabolites

Plant-Based Meat Analogues Weaken Gastrointestinal Digestive Function and Show Less Digestibility Than Real Meat in Mice

In Vitro Gut Fermentation of Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Evaluation of Its Potential Modulation on Infant Gut Microbiome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About