The Role of Different Organo-Chlorine Compounds in the Breeding of British Sparrowhawks

Newton, Ian; Bogan, J. A.

doi:10.2307/2402923

Cited by 85 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This result is again consistent with the study on egg residues made by Newton and Bogan (1978), in which adults laid more contaminated eggs than one-year-olds. Of equal importance, however, females had significantly higher mean residues of HEOD than males (P<0.01).…”

Section: Statistical Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…With the heron eggs, there was no evidence for markedly different patterns of change in different years, but inevitably some of the sample sizes were small. Newton and Bogan (1978) found no seasonal change in the organochlorine content of sparrowhawk eggs laid at different dates over an eight-week period.…”

Section: Rest Of Britainmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Among herons, sparrowhawks and kestrels (Table 3), the only significant intra-species 'differences were between the age groups of sparrowhawks, the adults tending to contain more DDE and PCBs than the juveniles (birds up to a year old). This finding in sparrowhawks is of interest as Newton and Bogan (1978) reported that "clutches laid by yearling females on average contained significantly less of all OCs [organochlorines] than did those laid by older females". In herons and kestrels, too, adults tended to contain slightly more DDE and PCBs than juveniles, but not significantly so.…”

Section: Statistical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Of the ten species analysed into the 1970s, only one, the rough-legged buzzard, does not breed here. Of the remaining nine, sparrowhawk, peregrine, kestrel and barn owl have suffered population declines believed to be associated with mortality induced by HEOD, and the first two have also experienced breeding failure supposedly caused by HEOD, DDE (DDT) and perhaps PCBs (eg see Prestt 1965;Prestt & Ratcliffe 1972;Ratcliffe 1972Ratcliffe , 1973Newton & Bogan 1978). Golden eagles, Species analysed in the scheme, arranged in order of mean liver residues of HEOD in all samples..…”

Section: Organochlorine Residues In Tissues: Some General Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predatory Birds, Pesticides and Pollution.

Buckland¹,

Cooke²,

Bell³

et al. 1983

Biometrics

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Algae and Protozoa. ITE contributes to and draws upon the collective knowledge of the fourteen sister institutes which make up the Natural Environment Research Council, spanning all environmental sciences.The Institute studies the factors determining the structure, composition and processes of land and freshwater systems, and of individual plant and animal species. It is developing a sounder scientific basis for predicting and modelling environmental trends arising from natural or man-made change. The results of this research are available to those responsible for the protection, management and wise use of our natural resources.

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Section: Statistical Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Rest Of Britainmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Statistical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Organochlorine Residues In Tissues: Some General Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predatory Birds, Pesticides and Pollution.

Buckland¹,

Cooke²,

Bell³

et al. 1983

Biometrics

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“…In Europe and North America during the 1950s and 1960s, populations of many raptors, which are at the top of food chains, were affected by persistent and bioaccumulable organochlorine insecticides, especially 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), a metabolite of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) (Ratcliffe, 1967(Ratcliffe, , 1970Cade et al, 1971;Newton and Bogan, 1978). After a ban on most organochlorine insecticides in the 1970s, organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides became the most widely used classes of insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Roy

Grolleau

Chamoulaud

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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B-esterases are serine hydrolases composed of cholinesterases, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase (CbE). These esterases, found in blood plasma, are inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides and can be used as nondestructive biomarkers of exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides. Furthermore, B-esterases are involved in detoxification of these insecticides. In order to establish the level of these enzymes and to have reference values for their normal activities, total plasma cholinesterase (ChE), AChE and BChE activities, and plasma CbE activity were determined in 729 European raptors representing 20 species, four families, and two orders. The diurnal families of the Falconiforme order were represented by Accipitridae and Falconidae and the nocturnal families of the Strigiforme order by Tytonidae and Strigidae. Intraspecies differences in cholinesterase activities according to sex and/or age were investigated in buzzards (Buteo buteo), sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), barn owls (Tyto alba), and tawny owls (Strix aluco). Sex-related differences affecting ChE and AChE activities were observed in young kestrels (2-3-mo-old) and age-related differences in kestrels (ChE and AChE), sparrowhawks (AChE), and tawny owls (ChE, AChE, and BChE). The interspecies analysis yielded a negative correlation between ChE activity and body mass taking into account the relative contribution of AChE and BChE to ChE activity, with the exception of the honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus). The lowest ChE activities were found in the two largest species, Bonelli's eagle (Hieraaëtus fasciatus) and Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) belonging to the Accipitridae family. The highest ChE activities were found in the relatively small species belonging to the Tytonidae and Strigidae families and in honey buzzard of the Accipitridae family. Species of the Accipitridae, Tytonidae, and Strigidae families were characterized by a BChE contribution that dominated the total ChE activity, while in the species of the Falconidae family, AChE activity dominated. With the exception of the barn owl, CbE activity (eserine-insensitive ␣-naphthyl acetate esterase [␣-⌵〈⌭] activity) in all species was almost absent or very low. The values obtained in this study for ChE, AChE, and BChE activities and the AChE:BChE ratios for buzzard, kestrel, barn owl, and tawny owl provide a good estimate of the normal values in free-living individuals of these European species. They can be used as a baseline to evaluate the effect of anticholinesterase insecticides in the field.

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Reproduction of cavity‐nesting birds in pesticide‐sprayed apple orchards in southern Ontario, Canada, 1988–1994

Bishop

Collins²,

Mineau³

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Egg fertility, clutch size and egg and chick survival and pesticide exposure of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) were measured annually using nest boxes in sprayed and nonsprayed apple orchards in southern Ontario, Canada, during 1988Canada, during -1994. Associations were examined between reproductive rates and historical organochlorine residues in eggs as well as the degree of exposure and toxicity of pesticides applied during the study period. Because many pesticides in current use are not persistent in wildlife tissues, a toxicity score was developed to describe the exposure for each nest. The toxicity score was calculated as the product of the extent of the orchard sprayed and the application rate of the chemicals, divided by an acute reproductive toxicity index of each chemical. Total organochlorine concentrations in tree swallow eggs were 0.74 to 3.47 g/g, and in eastern bluebird eggs, these values ranged from 0.47 to 106.3 g/g. More than 90% of the residue in eggs was ppЈDDE. There was a significant increase in unhatched eggs in bluebirds as organochlorine levels increased in eggs. There were significant associations between toxicity scores of current-use pesticides and at least one avian reproductive parameter in every year of the study, but the reduction in reproductive rates associated with pesticides did not exceed 14%, for either species, in any year. Reduced reproduction occurred in 6 years in tree swallows but for bluebirds, this occurred in only 4 years.

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The Role of Different Organo-Chlorine Compounds in the Breeding of British Sparrowhawks

Cited by 85 publications

References 33 publications

Predatory Birds, Pesticides and Pollution.

Predatory Birds, Pesticides and Pollution.

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Reproduction of cavity‐nesting birds in pesticide‐sprayed apple orchards in southern Ontario, Canada, 1988–1994

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