The Role of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising in Patient Consumerism

Wang, Bo; Kesselheim, Aaron S.

doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2013.15.11.pfor1-1311

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The study also emphasizes price sensitivity as the main reason to switch pharmacy providers, a result that flags a likely consumer-patient mindset [47,48]. This conclusion is further supported by the specific type of community pharmacy implemented in Central and Eastern Europe: the sort that provides all kinds of health care amenities [49] and is subject to direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising [50]. Concerning trust, no Romanian studies examined the relationship between patients and community pharmacists, to the best of our knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Determinants of Satisfaction with Services, and Trust in the Information Received in Community Pharmacies: A Comparative Analysis to Foster Pharmaceutical Care Adoption

et al. 2021

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Patient’s satisfaction with community pharmacy services, and patients’ trust in the information received in community pharmacies are important drivers of pharmaceutical care adoption. An online questionnaire assessing patient satisfaction with the services received in pharmacies and trust in the pharmacist’s advice, along with their determinants, was administered to 343 Romanian chronic and non-chronic patients. Using various statistical tests, exploratory factor analysis, and robust regression we explored determinants of satisfaction and trust. We found that satisfaction with services is predicted by pharmacists’ attitude (β = 631, p < 0.001), low waiting time (β = 0.180, p < 0.001), affordable cost of the drugs (β = 0.09, p = 0.009), and drug availability (β = 0.157, p < 0.001). At the same time, trust in the information received is driven by pharmacists’ attention (β = 0.610, p < 0.001), whether the patient received precautionary information (β = 0.425, p < 0.001), low waiting time (β = 0.287, p < 0.001), and whether the respondent is a chronic patient or not (non-chronic patients express more trust, β = 0.328, p = 0.04). Our study expands the existing paradigm that sees trust as a simple predictor of satisfaction by showing that trust and satisfaction are predicted by different variables, and thus they should be addressed using different strategies. In fact, we found that they share only one predictor—waiting time, highly significant in both cases. Our findings show that, without prioritizing trust in the information received in community pharmacies to reduce information asymmetry between patient and pharmacist, the focus only on patient satisfaction may lead to a scenario in which community pharmacies will end up to be better integrated in the business sector and not in the public health system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Determinants of Satisfaction with Services, and Trust in the Information Received in Community Pharmacies: A Comparative Analysis to Foster Pharmaceutical Care Adoption

et al. 2021

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“…25,26 The second section consisted of six statements that were created based on an extensive review of the literature. [2][3][4][5]19 Participants were asked to strongly disagree, disagree, remain neutral, agree, or strongly agree with each of the following six statements:…”

Section: Questionnaire Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 DTCA utilizes newspapers, periodicals, radio, television, magazines, and more recently, advanced technologies such as the Internet and smartphones. 4 However, the content of DTCA on websites is not always regulated, increasing the likelihood of inaccurate or misinformation. 4 Nevertheless, DTCA have had a positive impact on the relationship between patients and healthcare providers, facilitating communication and discussion regarding health conditions and treatment options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 However, the content of DTCA on websites is not always regulated, increasing the likelihood of inaccurate or misinformation. 4 Nevertheless, DTCA have had a positive impact on the relationship between patients and healthcare providers, facilitating communication and discussion regarding health conditions and treatment options. 2,5 Moreover, this relationship has improved over time with the introduction of government policies aimed at regulating drug advertising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising on Public Knowledge of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Study on Over-the-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors</p>

AlShammari¹,

Assiri²,

Buraykan³

et al. 2020

PPA

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Background: The use of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) to promote sales of overthe-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals used to manage common medical conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is increasing. However, the educational value of these advertisements as well as the public perceptions of this type of advertising remain largely unknown among non-English speaking populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the public perceptions and educational value of a short motion graphic video documenting the lifestyle of person with GERD and presenting a brief introduction to the role of proton pump Inhibitors (PPIs) in relieving the symptoms. Methods: This was a prospective quasi-experimental study in which a short mock advertising motion graphic video was shown to a sample of adult individuals in malls and shopping centers in different cities across Saudi Arabia. Participants were required to express their levels of agreement with six statements concerning their perceptions of DTCA of OTC drugs, and answer a quiz consisting of three questions and enquiries about their knowledge of GERD and the OTC drugs used in its treatment. Results: Two hundred and ninety-five participants were involved in this study, the majority of whom were female (55.30%). After watching the video, the percentages of participants who strongly agreed or agreed that DTCA is a credible source of information and encourages them to purchase the marketed drug have increased significantly (P<0.05). With regard to the quiz, the percentages of participants with correct answers regarding the definition of GERD, knowledge of OTC drugs for GERD, and awareness of the common side effects of PPIs increased from 81.69% to 95.93%, 69.83% to 96.27%, and 46.44% to 91.53%, respectively (P<0.0001). Conclusion: DTCA of OTC drugs for GERD, particularly if the content complies with the regulatory requirements, can promote the public knowledge of the disease and treatment options.

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“…The rapid rise in pharmaceutical marketing activities was also accompanied by the emergence of a relatively new and previously underutilized form of pharmaceutical promotion, but one directed at the consumer, not the physician [6, 7]. The emergence of direct-to-consumer advertising (“DTCA”) in the late 1990s - a form of pharmaceutical marketing that directly advertises prescription drugs and targets the consumer/patient – represented a new opportunity for industry marketing diversification and influencing prescription drug sales and utilization [6–8]. Yet, this marketing phenomenon is unique, as it is only permitted in the U.S. and New Zealand among developed countries, though forms of direct and indirect promotion to consumers (e.g., promotional materials, reminder advertisements, “infomercials,” and unbranded advertising campaigns) can occur outside these two countries [6, 9–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of digital direct-to-consumer advertising?: Comparison of direct-to-consumer advertising expenditure trends from publicly available data sources and global policy implications

Mackey

Cuomo

Liang

2015

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundPharmaceutical marketing is undergoing a major shift in the United States, in part due to new transparency regulations under the healthcare reform act. Changes in pharmaceutical marketing practices include a possible shift from more traditional forms of direct-to-consumer advertising towards emerging use of Internet-based DTCA (“eDTCA”) given the growing importance of digital health or “eHealth.” Though legally allowed only in the U.S. and New Zealand, eDTCA poses novel regulatory challenges, as it can cross geopolitical boundaries and impact health systems and populations outside of these countries.MethodsWe wished to assess whether changes in DTCA and eDTCA expenditure trends was occurring using publicly available pharmaceutical marketing data. DTCA data was analyzed to compare trends in aggregate marketing expenditures and to assess if there were statistically significant differences in trends and magnitudes for data sources and DTCA sub-categories (including eDTCA). This was accomplished using regression lines of DTCA trend data and conducting pairwise comparisons of regression coefficients using t-tests. Means testing was utilized for comparing magnitude of DTCA expenditure.ResultsData from multiple data sources indicate that aggregate DTCA expenditures have slightly declined during the period from 2005–2009 and are consistent with results from other studies. For DTCA sub-categories, television remained the most utilized form of DTCA, though experienced trends of declining expenditures (−13.2 %) similar to other traditional media platforms such as radio (−30.7 %) and outdoor ads (−12.1 %). The only DTCA sub-category that experienced substantial increased expenditures was eDTCA (+109.0 %) and it was the only medium that had statistically significant differences in its marketing expenditure trends compared to other DTCA sub-categories.ConclusionsOur study indicates that traditional DTCA marketing may be on the decline. Conversely, the only DTCA sub-category that experienced significant increases was eDTCA. However, to fully understand this possible shift to “digital” DTCA, improvements in publicly available DTCA data sources are necessary to confirm changing trends and validate existing data. Hence, utilizing the newly implemented U.S. physician-payment expenditure transparency requirements, we advocate for the mandatory disclosure of DTCA/eDTCA in order to inform future domestic and international health policy efforts regarding appropriate regulation of pharmaceutical promotion.

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The Role of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising in Patient Consumerism

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Determinants of Satisfaction with Services, and Trust in the Information Received in Community Pharmacies: A Comparative Analysis to Foster Pharmaceutical Care Adoption

Determinants of Satisfaction with Services, and Trust in the Information Received in Community Pharmacies: A Comparative Analysis to Foster Pharmaceutical Care Adoption

<p>The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising on Public Knowledge of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Study on Over-the-Counter Proton Pump Inhibitors</p>

The rise of digital direct-to-consumer advertising?: Comparison of direct-to-consumer advertising expenditure trends from publicly available data sources and global policy implications

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