The Role of Dispersal in Predator--Prey Metapopulation Dynamics

Holyoak, Marcel; Lawler, Sharon P.

doi:10.2307/5743

Cited by 112 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1, inset) instead of being positively correlated with, or invariant of total richness as in many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems 20 . These findings contradict theoretical predictions 13,21 and empirical studies of other ecosystems, which suggest that species highest in the food web should be most sensitive to habitat isolation 4,10,12,22 . Here we develop a mathematical dispersal-colonization-extinction framework that resolves both of these discrepancies.…”

contrasting

confidence: 56%

Larval dispersal drives trophic structure across Pacific coral reefs

et al. 2014

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Top predators are a critical part of healthy ecosystems. Yet, these species are often absent from spatially isolated habitats leading to the pervasive view that fragmented ecological communities collapse from the top down. Here we study reef fish from coral reef communities across the Pacific Ocean. Our analysis shows that species richness of reef fish top predators is relatively stable across habitats that vary widely in spatial isolation and total species richness. In contrast, species richness of prey reef fish declines rapidly with increasing isolation. By consequence, species-poor communities from isolated islands have three times as many predator species per prey species as near-shore communities. We develop and test a colonization-extinction model to reveal how larval dispersal patterns shape this ocean-scale gradient in trophic structure.

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confidence: 56%

Larval dispersal drives trophic structure across Pacific coral reefs

et al. 2014

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“…However, interpretation of these results is difficult because some of the landscape measures are correlated and therefore the underlying mechanisms are hard to identify. Thus, despite the existing theoretical knowledge on spatial host-parasitoid and predator-prey interactions concerning the effects of dispersal rates, aggregation, and attack rates on stability, persistence, and abundance (Holyoak & Lawler 1996;Hassell 2000), there is little knowledge on the effect of landscape structure and composition on biocontrol (Hirzel, Nisbet & Murdoch. 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Biocontrol in Fragmented Landscapes: Persistence and Parasitation in a Host-Parasitoid Model

Visser¹,

Wiegand²,

Grimm³

et al. 2009

TOECOLJ

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Abstract:In the context of agricultural landscapes, conservation biocontrol practitioners attempt to secure and enhance the presence and effectiveness of natural enemies of insect pest species, for example parasitoids. Conservation biocontrol aims at maximizing both parasitoid persistence and parasitation rate. It is, however, still poorly understood how the amount, fragmentation and isolation of non-crop habitat of the host and its parasitoid affect persistence and parasitation rate. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model of a host and its specialized parasitoid and simulated their spatiotemporal population dynamics in virtual landscapes. We found that the total habitat amount in the landscape modulates the impact of fragmentation on parasitoid persistence. If habitat is abundant, parasitoid persistence decreases with fragmentation, whereas if habitat is scarce, persistence is highest at intermediate levels of fragmentation. In any case, persistence is best for intermediate levels of isolation. Parasitation rate, on the other hand, is negatively influenced by fragmentation and isolation regardless of the habitat amount. Our results suggest that in landscapes with abundant habitat, both parasitation rates and parasitoid persistence can be increased by arranging habitat to be as clumped as possible. However, if habitat is scarce, landscape management can optimize either parasitation rates or parasitoid persistence but not both simultaneously.

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“…Holyoak & Lawler (1996b) varied the degree of migration between subhabitats where Didinium nasutum fed on Copidium striatum (protozoans). They found that variation between subhabitats decreased with increasing migration and that extinction was lowest at intermediate levels of migration.…”

Section: Population Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of migration between populations should increase extinction risk by synchronizing population fluctuations, increasing the chance that coupled populations will decline simultaneously (Earn et al 2000). (Burkey 1997*;Holyoak & Lawler 1996b*;Dey & Joshi 2006;Molofsky & Ferdy 2005) Decreased genetic variation is hypothesized to increase the probability of population extinction. This may occur through various causes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of extinction in experimental populations

Griffen¹,

Drake

2008

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary 1.Population extinction is a fundamental ecological process. Recent experimental work has begun to test the large body of theory that predicts how demographic, genetic and environmental factors influence extinction risk. We review empirical studies of extinction conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Our synthesis highlights four findings.First, extinction theory largely considers individual, isolated populations. However, species interactions frequently altered or even reversed the influence of environmental factors on population extinction as compared to single-species conditions, highlighting the need to integrate community ecology into population theory. 2. While most single-species studies qualitatively agree with theoretical predictions, studies are needed that quantitatively compare observed and predicted extinction rates. A quantitative understanding of extinction processes is needed to further advance theory and to predict population extinction resulting from human activities. 3. Many stresses leading to population extinction can be assuaged by migration between subpopulations. However, too much migration increases synchrony between subpopulations and thus increases extinction risk. Research is needed to determine how to strike a balance that maximizes the benefit of migration. 4. Results from laboratory experiments often conflict with field studies. Understanding these inconsistencies is crucial for extending extinction theory to natural populations.

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The Role of Dispersal in Predator--Prey Metapopulation Dynamics

Cited by 112 publications

References 27 publications

Larval dispersal drives trophic structure across Pacific coral reefs

Larval dispersal drives trophic structure across Pacific coral reefs

Conservation Biocontrol in Fragmented Landscapes: Persistence and Parasitation in a Host-Parasitoid Model

A review of extinction in experimental populations

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