The Role of Divided Injections of a Sclerotic Agent over Two Days in Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Large Gastric Varices

Abstract

ObjectiveTo determine the safety and usefulness of a two-tiered approach to balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) as a treatment for large gastric varices after portal hypertension.Materials and Methods50 patients were studied who underwent B-RTO for gastric varices between October 2004 and October 2011 in our institution. The B-RTO procedure was performed from the right femoral vein and the B-RTO catheter was retained until the following morning. Distribution of sclerotic agents in the gastric varices on fluoroscopy was evaluated in all patients on days 1 and 2. When distribution of sclerotic agents in the gastric varices on day 1 had been none or very scanty even though the volume of the sclerotic agent infused was above the acceptable level, a second infusion was administered on day 2. When distribution was satisfactory, the B-RTO catheter was removed.ResultsIn 8 (16%) patients, little or no sclerotic agent infused on day 1 was distributed in the gastric varices. However, on day 2, sclerotic agents were distributed in all gastric varices. Mean volume of ethanolamine oleate-iopamidol infused on day 1 was 24.6 mL and was 19.4 mL on day 2. Gastric varices were well obliterated with no recurrence. Complications caused by the sclerotic agent such as pulmonary edema or renal insufficiencies were not seen.ConclusionWhen gastric varices are very large, a strategy involving thrombosis of only the drainage vein on the first day followed by infusing the sclerotic agent on the following day might be effective and feasible.

Percutaneous Access via the Recanalized Paraumbilical Vein for Varix Embolization in Seven Patients

“…Variceal bleeding is one of major complications in patients with portal hypertension. Various interventional procedures such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), and percutaneous embolization can be applied, depending on the location of the varix and the vascular anatomy ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). Percutaneous embolization of the varix can be used in patients who are not candidates for TIPS or BRTO.…”