The role of DNA damage in neural stem cells ageing

Abstract

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with the potential to differentiate into a variety of nerve cells. NSCs are susceptible to both intracellular and extracellular insults, thus causing DNA damage. Extracellular insults include ultraviolet, ionizing radiation, base analogs, modifiers, alkyl agents and others, while intracellular factors include Reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals produced by mitochondria, mismatches that occur during DNA replication, deamination of bases, loss of bases, and more. When encountered with DNA damage, cells typically employ three coping strategies: DNA repair, damage tolerance, and apoptosis. NSCs, like many other stem cells, have the ability to divide, differentiate, and repair DNA damage to prevent mutations from being passed down to the next generation. However, when DNA damage accumulates over time, it will lead to a series of alterations in the metabolism of cells, which will cause cellular ageing. The ageing and exhaustion of neural stem cell will have serious effects on the body, such as neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine the processes by which DNA damage leads to NSCs ageing and the mechanisms of DNA repair in NSCs.

Modeling Radiation-Induced Epithelial Cell Injury in Murine Three-Dimensional Esophageal Organoids

“…DNA damage signaling is also increased and shows persistent higher levels [15]. Stress signaling has been linked to higher levels of radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may in part explain the persistent higher DNA damage levels [16,17]. Quantitatively determining how dose and radiation quality may influence tissue changes and DNA damage response and stress phospho-protein signaling may aid in defining the underlying mechanisms of the alterations leading to esophageal cancer.…”