The role of drinking restraint in alcohol dependence: validation of the temptation and restraint inventory in an alcohol dependent sample.

Drinking motives, drinking restraint and drinking behaviour among young adults

“…The inability to restrain drinking has been studied extensively with clinical and nonclinical samples, university students and adult populations (Bensley, Kuna & Steele, 1990;Connor, Gudgeon, Young, & Saunders, 2004;Connors, Collins, Dermen & Koutsky, 1998;Cox, Gutzler, Denzler, Melfsen, Florin & Klinger, 2001;MacKillop, Lisman & Weinstein, 2006;Muraven, Collins & Nienhaus, 2002;Stewart & Chambers, 2000). Drinking restraint has been linked to binge drinking, episodic excessive drinking (Collins, George & Lapp, 1989), and alcohol dependence (MacKillop et al, 2006).…”

The relationship between alcohol expectancies and drinking restraint in treatment seeking alcohol dependent patients

“…Collins & Lapp, 1992;Connor, et al, 1999;. However, this model was not supported in a recent study of alcohol dependent subjects, with the Cognitive Emotional Preoccupation (CEP) factor being the only factor related to alcohol consumption and dependence severity (Connor, Gudgeon, Young & Saunders, 2004). Connor et al (2004) concluded that as subjects in this study consumed alcohol most days for withdrawal relief, the restricted range of the CognitiveBehavioral Control (CBC) factor scores may have accounted for divergent findings from the nonclinical studies.…”

“…Consumption was measured by three previously validated measures (Connor, et al, 1999;2004;Gudgeon, et al, 2005), (1) frequency of drinking was measured by the self-reported average number of drinking days per week (on a scale of 0 to 7 7 days per week) in a typical week, over the past month. (2) Quantity of drinking was measured by the self-reported number of standard drinks consumed, on average, per daily drinking occasion in a typical week, over the past month.…”

“…It assesses proximal beliefs and does not ask to report over a particular time frame. The TRI has demonstrated construct and concurrent validity in clinical (Connor, et al, 2004) and non-clinical populations (Collins & Lapp, 1992;Connor et al, 2000).…”

“…Typically, there is little variation in control strategies and drinking refusal self-efficacy beliefs in alcohol dependent samples (Connor, et al, 2004;Young & Oei, 1996). Patients in this sample were likely to be treatment seeking for the very reason that they have poorly developed strategies for control of their alcohol intake.…”