The Role of Drought Stress in Provoking Outbreaks of Phytophagous Insects

Mattson, William J.; Haack, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-078148-5.50019-1

Cited by 202 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 172 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

164

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In temperate forest ecosystems, warmer, drier weather is generally thought to promote per capita growth rates leading, in some cases, to population outbreaks [60,89,95]. An increase in temperature towards species optima will usually accelerate egg and larval development and, consequently, increase the chances of survival by reducing the time spent at development stages most susceptible to predation and parasitism.…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Drought and Heat On Insect Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water stress may increase the effects, whether positive or negative, of temperature as the temperature in and on drought-stressed plants are usually higher that ambient temperature [60]. In addition, low air humidity may shorten the life of insects through dehydration [3,39,95] but little is known about the effects at the population level.…”

Section: Direct Effects Of Drought and Heat On Insect Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, water stress impacts differently according to feeding guilds. While a moderate water-stress is thought to limit woodborer performances [53], in contrast, defoliator performances are usually enhanced in response to the increase in concentration of soluble nitrogen in foliage [50,51,60], either during drought or the following year. For both guilds, performances decline with severe stress because of the deterioration of host quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many reviews have looked at the direct or indirect impacts of drought on insects at the individual level [45,48,50,53,60]. However, whether responses at this level will translate into effects at the population or community level will depend on the net result of complex interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe

Candau²,

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Although drought affects directly tree physiology and growth, the impact of secondary factors (insect pests, pathogens and fire) is often greater than the impact of the original stress and can lead to important tree mortality. In 2003, Western and Central Europe experienced a drought and heat waves that led to extensive forest damage. This paper reports on the impacts of drought and high temperatures on forest insect populations in the context of this exceptional event. Observations of changes in population levels of the main European forest insect pests during and after the drought are presented and discussed in the light of current knowledge and theories of interactions between drought and insects. We investigated the direct effects of drought on life history traits and indirect effects through physiological changes experienced by host trees. Forest pest insects were separated in 4 feeding guilds: woodborers, leaf-chewers, leaf-miners and leaf-suckers. The impact of water stress varied according to feeding guilds. Woodborers were positively influenced by prolonged water stress and the decline of host resistance. In contrast, defoliators profited better from the increased nitrogen in plant tissues linked to moderate or intermittent water stress. Field observations showed the importance of the soil water status in tree resistance against pest attacks. Thus, the 2003 drought confirmed observations from earlier droughts that, is case of bad choice of tree species in some plantations, site matching becomes a prominent and primary cause of the development of pest outbreaks. This exceptional drought may give us some indication of the impacts of extreme climatic events. However, observations of the performance at the individual level were not sufficient for predicting long-term insect population dynamics, which depends on complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.climate change / drought / heat wave / forest pest insect / population dynamic Résumé -Effet de la sécheresse et de la canicule de 2003 sur les populations d'insectes ravageurs forestiers en Europe centrale et occidentale. Bien que la sécheresse affecte directement la physiologie et la croissance des arbres, l'impact de facteurs secondaires (insectes ravageurs, pathogènes et feu) est souvent plus important que le stress original et peut conduire à la mortalité des arbres. En 2003, une sécheresse et des vagues de chaleur ont provoqué des dégâts importants dans les forêts d'Europe centrale et occidentale. Cet article rend compte de l'impact de la sécheresse et de la canicule sur les populations d'insectes forestiers dans le contexte de cet évènement exceptionnel. Les observations des fluctuations de populations des principaux insectes ravageurs des forêts européennes sont présentées et discutées en regard des connaissances actuelles et des théories des interactions entre sécheresse et insectes. Nous avons recherché les effets directs et indirects de la sécheresse, respectivement sur les traits d'histoire de vie et au travers des modifica...

show abstract

Section: Direct Effects Of Drought and Heat On Insect Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Effects Of Drought and Heat On Insect Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe

Candau²,

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To maintain ecosystem services and functions, which are seriously pertubated by insect mass outbreaks, many efforts have been made to understand the interplay between host tree, insect ecology and biotic and abiotic drivers (Schwenke 1962;Cedervind et al 2003;Huberty and Denno 2004;Mattson and Haack 1987;Långström and Hellqvist 1993;Annila et al 1999;Larsson and Tenow 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect herbivory, organic matter deposition and effects on belowground organic matter fluxes in a central European oak forest

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apart from the forest floor, the canopy of forested ecosystems functions as the second most important source for dissolved and particulate fractions of organic and inorganic C and N compounds. However, under mass outbreak situations of insect herbivores this flux path of organic matter is considerably intensified clearly exceeding C and N fluxes from the forest floor. In this paper we report on herbivore-altered C and N fluxes from the canopy to the forest floor and effects on forest floor nutrient fluxes during severe defoliating herbivory of the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) and the mottled umber moth (Eranis defoliaria) in an oak forest in Germany. Over the course of 6.5 months we followed the C and N fluxes with bulk deposition, throughfall solution, insect frass deposits (green-fall together with insect faeces) and with forest floor solution in an 117-yr-old oak (Quercus petraea) forest. Compared to the control, herbivore defoliation significantly enhanced throughfall inputs of total and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen by a factor of 3 and 2.5 (for TOC and DOC), and by 1.4 and 1.3 times (for TNb and DNb), respectively. Frass plus green-fall C and N fluxes peaked in May with 592 kg Cha −1 and 33.5 kg N ha −1 representing 79.6% (for C) and 78.3% (for N) of the total C and N input over 2.5 months. The quantitative and qualitative C and N input via faeces and litter deposition significantly differ between the insect affected and non-affected site. However, the C and N fluxes with throughfall did not significantly correlate with forest floor leachates. In this context, forest floor fluxes of TOC, DOC and NO 3 -N were significantly lower at the infested site compared to the control, whereas fluxes of NH 4 -N together with DON were significantly higher. The study demonstrates the importance of linking the population and associated frass dynamics of herbivorous insects with the cycling of nutrients and organic matter in forest ecosystems, highlighting the remarkable alterations in the timing, amounts and nature of organic matter dynamics on the ecosystem level. Consequently, the ecology of phytophagous insects allows partly to explain temporal-spatial alterations in nutrient cycling and thus ecosystem functioning.

show abstract