The role of effort in influencing the effect of anxiety on performance: Testing the conflicting predictions of processing efficiency theory and the conscious processing hypothesis

Wilson, Mark R.; Smith, Nickolas C.; Holmes, Paul S.

doi:10.1348/000712606x133047

Cited by 109 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Despite this advance, future research might benefit from more sensitive measures of heart rate (e.g., heart rate variability or beat-to-beat intervals; Mullen et al, 2005;Wilson et al, 2007). Furthermore, biochemical responses to anxiety such as salivary alpha amylase or cortisol concentration (McKay et al, 1997) or skin conductance response rate (Coifman, Bonanno, Ray, & Gross, 2007) might offer more refined insight into the role of physiological arousal in repression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When attempting to describe or explain the anxiety-performance relationship in sport, researchers typically refer to the conscious processing hypothesis (Masters, 1992), processing efficiency theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992), and cusp catastrophe models (Hardy, 1996), and these theoretical positions continue to attract research attention (e.g., Hardy, Beattie, & Woodman 2007;Mullen, Hardy, & Oldham 2007;Wilson, Smith, & Holmes, 2007). Conversely, the theory of ironic processes of mental control (Wegner, 1989(Wegner, , 1994 has received minimal research attention despite its potential applicability to sport (Janelle, 1999;Woodman & Hardy, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…McKay, Selig, Carlson, & Morris, 1997;Mullen, Hardy, & Tattersall, 2005;Wilson et al, 2007), much research on repression has also relied on self-report measures alone. That is, following Weinberger et al's (1979) influential paper, repression is conceptualized as those who report a combination of low trait anxiety and high social desirability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of Repression in the Incidence of Ironic Errors

Woodman¹,

Davis²

2008

The Sport Psychologist

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The role of repression in the incidence of ironic errors was investigated on a golf task. Coping styles of novice golfers were determined using measures of cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal. Following baseline putts, participants (n = 58) performed a competition putt with the opportunity to win UK£50 (approx. US$100). Before completing the competition putt participants were instructed to “land the ball on the target, but be particularly careful not to over-shoot the target.” The distance the ball traveled past the hole formed the measure of ironic effects. Probing of the coping style × condition interaction, F(2, 41) = 6.53, p < .005, revealed that only the repressors incurred a significant increase in ironic error for the competition putt. This suggests that the act of repressing anxiety has a detrimental performance effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of Repression in the Incidence of Ironic Errors

Woodman¹,

Davis²

2008

The Sport Psychologist

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“…This is an important consideration given that surgeons are often required to multi-task and effectively deal with many noises and distractions in the operating room [12]. Crucially, mental effort can be easily assessed both subjectively and objectively using well established and validated measures [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgeons’ display reduced mental effort and workload while performing robotically assisted surgical tasks, when compared to conventional laparoscopy

et al. 2014

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DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. Benefits of robotic surgery 2 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT AbstractBackground. Research has demonstrated the benefits of robotic surgery for the patient;however, research examining the benefits of robotic technology for the surgeon is limited.This study aimed to adopt validated measures of workload, mental effort, and gaze control to assess the benefits of robotic surgery for the surgeon. We predicted that the performance of surgical training tasks on a surgical robot would require lower investments of workload and mental effort, and would be accompanied by greater gaze control and better performance, when compared to conventional laparoscopy.Methods. Thirty-two surgeons performed two trials on a ball pick-and-drop task and a rope threading task on both robotic and laparoscopic systems. Measures of workload (The SurgeryTask Load Index [SURG-TLX]), mental effort (subjective: Rating Scale for Mental Effort[RSME] and objective: standard deviation of beat-to-beat intervals [SDNN]), gaze control (using a mobile eye movement recorder), and task performance (completion time and number of errors) were recorded.Results. As expected, surgeons performed both tasks more quickly and accurately (with fewer errors) on the robotic system. Self-reported measures of workload and mental effort were significantly lower on the robotic system compared to the laparoscopic system.Similarly, an object...

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“…According to Wilson, Smith and Holmes (2007) there are two theories that explain the relationship between anxiety and performance: the conscious processing hypothesis (Masters, 1992) and the processing efficiency theory (Esysenck and Calvo, 1992). The conscious processing hypothesis (Masters, 1992) suggests that stress situations increase anxiety and self-consciousness about performing successfully.…”

Section: Time Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%