The Role of Emotional Condition in Patients With Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Performing Uroflowmetry

Rubilotta, Emanuele; Castellani, Daniele; Tiso, Leone; Panunzio, Andrea; Pirola, Giacomo Maria; Antonelli, Alessandro; Giannantoni, Antonella; Gubbiotti, Marilena

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.045

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Emotional conditions such as extreme urgency, embarrassment and anxiety can lead to worse UF results than voiding at home. 5,10,18 We found that all patients experienced moderate general anxiety before the first UF test. However, men's anxiety levels decreased significantly to a mild level before the second UF session, while women's remained at a moderate level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…That may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, decreasing bladder capacity and potentially affecting the UF results. 4,5,9,10 Patient comfort is crucial for appropriate bladder emptying. 18 While multiple factors may affect the voiding, there is limited research on the impact of patients' emotional conditions on UF parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 While multiple factors may affect the voiding, there is limited research on the impact of patients' emotional conditions on UF parameters. 5,10 Previous clinical studies have primarily focused offently on invasive urodynamic tests. [19][20][21][22] The most crucial data of UF are Q max , Q ave and VV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Many conditions may affect UF, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), voiding position, VV, repetition of test, previous transurethral catheterization and technical characteristics of the UF recording. [5][6][7][8] UF is conducted within the framework of specific routine procedures, often without due attention to privacy, in an unfamiliar environment for the patient in clinics. Since this is not a natural voiding process, requiring voiding "on demand", often with low or very high bladder filling, may adversely affect UF results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this is not a natural voiding process, requiring voiding "on demand", often with low or very high bladder filling, may adversely affect UF results. 4,5 In addition, patients may feel embarrassment, discomfort, nervousness and tension due to voiding in an unfamiliar environment in the test room. 9,10 There is an amount of clinical evidence that psychological factors and anxiety affect bladder functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of psychological factors and anxiety on uroflowmetry results

Kettas Dolek,

Açikal,

Akbay

et al. 2024

Int J of Uro Nursing

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The European Association of Urology and the International Incontinence Society recommend uroflowmetry (UF) as the first objective assessment tool for patients with signs and symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction. In addition, the American Urological Association stated that “clinicians should be aware that the UF may be affected by the voided volume (VV) and the conditions of the test” and that “consistent, similar and comparable serial UF measurements provide the most valuable results.” This study aimed to investigate the impact of psychological factors and anxiety on UF results. The study comprised 42 patients (20 men and 22 women) who presented to our clinic, reported lower urinary tract symptoms, and were scheduled to undergo UF between the 1st of February 2020 and the 1st of March 2022. We evaluated the generalized anxiety disorder‐7 form (GAD‐7) to determine the general and baseline anxiety level of the patients and the state–trait anxiety inventory scale (STAI‐S) to determine the current anxiety level of the patients. A non‐significant increase in post‐voiding residual urine was observed in the second UF compared to the first one (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant increase in the VV, peak flow rate and average flow rate and a significant decrease in the time to peak flow rate for all patients (p < 0.05). Consistent with the GAD‐7, all patients had moderate general anxiety before the first UF. However, men's anxiety levels decreased to a mild level on the second session (p < 0.05), while women's remained at a moderate level (p > 0.05). There was a non‐significant decrease in STAI‐S scores before the second uroflowmetry compared to the first in both genders (p > 0.05). In addition, women's STAI‐S scores were higher than men's in both sessions (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between the percentage change in STAI‐S scores and all uroflowmetry parameters (p > 0.05). We determined that patients of both genders experienced moderate general anxiety before UF, which decreased in men on the second session and remained in women. In addition, we found that the women had a higher momentary anxiety compared to men before both UF sessions. Patients' sense of privacy and embarrassment can lead to tension, anxiety and stress, which may have an impact on the results of UF. Reducing patient anxiety during the UF test can contribute to more accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment by clinicians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%