The Role of Empirical Research in Bioethics

Kon, Alexander A.

doi:10.1080/15265160902874320

Cited by 128 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Whilst it might be argued that some tendency toward conservatism could be protective, and is a price we might be willing to pay to ensure that ill thought out changes are not rushed through (Ives 2014), the analysis presented by Spranzi and Brunet highlight the way that the design of a consultation, and the people involved, can significantly impact upon the kinds of conclusions reached. This analysis challenges the relatively simplistic accounts of 'empirical data gathering' that we find in accounts like that offered by Kon (2009), which (wrongly) imply that gathering and interpreting data on stakeholder and public opinion is a straightforward activity (see also Dunn and Ives 2009). The paper broadens our perspective by pointing to what precedes and shapes the empirical phase, making it more or less difficult to gather useful and credible evidence of a particular type.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 45%

Monash editorial

Ives

Provoost

2015

Monash Bioeth. Rev.

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This editorial begins, perhaps unusually, with a personal anecdote from Ives, one of the editors of this special edition, which sets the scene for the edition and, to some extent, explains why the debates presented in these pages are needed:When I was first starting out as a Ph.D. student in 2004, I submitted a paper to a philosophy journal that discussed the ethics of creating fatherless families. The paper tried to unpick the debate, sort out the moral claims from the empirical ones, and consider how implicit value claims affected the way that the empirical data were used in 'ethical' argument. As such, a good deal of the paper was devoted to critically assessing various key pieces of empirical evidence, which made claims either that children were harmed by being without a father, or that they were not. The paper was not accepted for publication (and most probably for good reason), but I was struck by one comment from a reviewer, who asked what business I had looking critically at research evidence, and why on earth did I think I had the skills to do so? What I should do as an ethicist, I was implicitly told, is cite the evidence and be done with it.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 45%

Monash editorial

Ives

Provoost

2015

Monash Bioeth. Rev.

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“…There would seem to 7 It may be the case that no one currently harbors such ambitions, or at least ambitions put so baldly, but it would be a mistake to take the view to be a straw man. A bioethics of brain states would seem to rest comfortably at the intersection of the push for greater empirical work in bioethics on one hand (see [35]) and the largely reductionist views of the mind (as evidenced by Patricia Churchland, for instance [36]) informing bioethics, at least as filtered through neuroethics, on the other. 8 Todd Chambers, in his The Fiction of Bioethics, discusses how the structure of cases in bioethics prefigures their evaluation [37].…”

Section: Moderate Clinical Neuroskepticismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Need for Clinical Neuroskepticism?

Klein

2010

Neuroethics

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Clinical neuroethics and neuroskepticism are recent entrants to the vocabulary of neuroethics. Clinical neuroethics has been used to distinguish problems of clinical relevance arising from developments in brain science from problems arising in neuroscience research proper. Neuroskepticism has been proposed as a counterweight to claims about the value and likely implications of developments in neuroscience. These two emergent streams of thought intersect within the practice of neurology. Neurologists face many traditional problems in bioethics, like end of life care in the persistent vegetative state, determination of capacity in progressive dementia, and requests for assisted suicide in cognition-preserving neurodegenerative disease (like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Neurologists also look to be at the forefront of downstream clinical applications of neuroscience, like pharmacological enhancement of mental life. At the same time, the practice of neurology, concerned primarily with the structure, function, and treatment of the nervous system, has historically fostered a kind of skeptical attitude toward its own subject matter. Not all problems that appear primarily neurological are primarily neurological. This disciplinary skepticism is generally clinical in orientation and limited in scope. The rise of interest in clinical neuroethics and in neuroskepticsim generally suggests a possible broader application. The clinical skepticism of neurology provides impetus for thinking about the appropriate role for skepticism in clinical areas of neuroethics. After a brief review of neuroskepticism and clinical neuroethics, a taxonomy of clinical neuroskepticism is offered and reasons why a stronger rather than weaker form of clinical neuroskepticism is currently warranted.

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“…Among those, it is included the perspective discussed in this article 17 . Kon assesses that the empirical research can contribute to bioethics in four levels, especially emphasizing the attention to health or clinical bioethics 18 .…”

Section: The Role Of Qualitative Research In Bioethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third one includes investigations that intend to find ways of solving the problems identified in previous level. And the fourth one is grounded on work of three previous levels, using obtained knowledge to form the grounds of bioethical arguments to change ethical standards 18 .…”

Section: The Role Of Qualitative Research In Bioethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioética, pesquisa qualitativa e equilíbrio reflexivo

Ribeiro

2017

Rev. Bioét.

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This is a theoretical study where we intend to discuss the use of reflective equilibrium in data analysis process in qualitative research in bioethics. The first part discusses the role of qualitative research in bioethics.In the second part we analyze the use of this procedure in those studies. Reflective equilibrium is a type of moral justification with the purpose of mutual adjustment between the adopted ethical theory research, moral judgments taken into consideration by researcher(s) and moral experience of research subjects, assuming certain morally relevant facts in order to weave a coherent network of beliefs between these components. In this case, both ethical theory and moral experience can be open to criticism. Keywords: Bioethics. Qualitative research. Data analysis. Ethical analysis. Resumo Bioética, pesquisa qualitativa e equilíbrio reflexivoTrata-se de estudo de natureza teórica, em que se pretende discutir o uso do equilíbrio reflexivo no processo de análise de dados em pesquisa qualitativa em bioética. Na primeira parte é discutido o papel da pesquisa qualitativa em bioética. Na segunda parte é analisado o uso desse procedimento nesses estudos. O equilíbrio reflexivo é uma forma de justificação moral que objetiva o ajustamento mútuo entre a teoria ética adotada pela pesquisa, os julgamentos morais considerados pelo(s) pesquisador(es) e a experiência moral dos participantes da pesquisa, pressupondo certos fatos moralmente relevantes, de forma a tecer rede de crenças coerente entre esses componentes. Nesse processo, tanto a teoria ética como a experiência moral podem ser passíveis de crítica. Palavras-chave: Bioética. Pesquisa qualitativa. Análise de dados. Análise ética. Resumen Bioética, investigación cualitativa y equilibrio reflexivoSe trata de estudio de naturaleza teórica, en el que se pretende discutir el uso del equilibrio reflexivo en el proceso de análisis de datos en la investigación cualitativa en bioética. La primera parte analiza el papel de la investigación cualitativa en la bioética. En la segunda parte, se trata el uso de este procedimiento en estos estudios. El equilibrio reflexivo es una forma de justificación moral que tiene como objetivo lograr un ajuste mutuo entre la teoría ética adoptada en la investigación, los juicios morales considerados por el/los investigador/es y la experiencia moral de los sujetos de investigación, asumiendo ciertos hechos como moralmente relevantes, de manera tal de tejer una red de creencias coherente entre estos componentes. En este proceso, tanto la teoría ética como la experiencia moral pueden ser objeto de crítica.

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The Role of Empirical Research in Bioethics

Cited by 128 publications

References 48 publications

Monash editorial

Monash editorial

Is There a Need for Clinical Neuroskepticism?

Bioética, pesquisa qualitativa e equilíbrio reflexivo

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