The Role of En Bloc Resection in the Modern Era for Primary Spine Tumors

Abstract

Study Design. Literature review Objective. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of benign and malignant primary spine tumors and a balanced analysis of the benefits and limitations of (and alternatives to) surgical treatment with en bloc resection. Summary of Background Data. Primary spine tumors are rare but have the potential to cause severe morbidity, either from the disease itself or as a result of treatment. The prognosis, goals, and treatment options vary significantly with the specific disease entity. Appropriate initial management is critical; inappropriate surgery prior to definitive treatment can lead to recurrence and may render the patient incurable, as salvage options are often inferior. Methods. We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed database for articles relevant to primary spine neoplasms and en bloc spine surgery. Institutional review board approval was not needed. Results. Although Enneking-appropriate en bloc surgery can be highly morbid, it often provides the greatest chance for local control and/or patient survival. However, there is growing data to support modern radiotherapy as a feasible and less morbid approach to certain primary neoplasms that historically were considered radioresistant. Conclusion. Choosing the optimal approach to primary spine tumors is complex. A comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the evidence is required to guide patient care and to balance the often-competing goals of prolonging life and preserving quality of life.