The role of Endocan as a Prognostic Biomarker in community-acquired pneumonia

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the importance of using endocan as a biomarker in deciding the setting of treatment and predicting prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
 Methods: This prospective, case-control study was conducted at Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital between November 20, 2016 to March 20th 2017. Blood samples were obtained from 63 patients who were admitted to internal medicine clinic due to CAP and 25 volunteers without active infection. Serum samples were centrifuged at 1000G for 15 minutes and stored at -20ºC. Samples were analyzed using human ESM1 (endocan) (Lot No: AK0017MAR0830) (Elabscience, Texas, USA) kit with Robonik (Mumbai, India) ELISA Plate Reader and Washer. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded. CURB-65, qSOFA and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) scores were calculated. Primary endpoint of the study was 30-days mortality.
 Results: Mean serum endocan levels of the study group and the control group were 30.99±3.3 pg/ml and 246.5±49.95pg/ml, respectively. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.005). 30-days mortality rate was 12.7% with eight patients, three of which died subsequently in the ICU. When patients were classified according to PSI and CURB-65 scores, endocan levels of PSI class ≥4 and CURB-65 ≥2 individuals were found to be significantly different than the control group. ROC analysis showed that serum endocan levels less than 64.96pg/ml has 85.2% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for PSI class ≥4 and 82.4% sensitivity and 55.6% specificity for CURB-65 score ≥2.
 Conclusion: Serum endocan levels are significantly lower in patients with community-acquired pneumonia than the control group.
 How to cite this:Gunaydin S, Kucuk M, Gunaydin UM. The role of Endocan as a Prognostic Biomarker in community-acquired pneumonia. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):117-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.280
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Predictors of Long-term Outcomes in the Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

“…In the present study, the baseline characteristics of CAP and short term mortality rates were consistent with previous studies on CAP in Turkey [5][6][7]. However, in a multicenter retrospective study, Erdem et al reported that 30-day mortality rate was %31.2 (n=129/413) in patients with severe CAP [10].…”

“…Limited data exist on post discharge long-term outcomes and its predictors [4][5][6], although short-term prognostic predictors for CAP were well studied in Turkey [7][8][9][10]. In this study, we aimed to determine the indicators for poor short-term and long-term outcomes in older adults with CAP requiring hospitalization.…”

The Battle of the Pneumonia Predictors: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Comparing the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and the CURB-65 Score in Predicting Mortality and the Need for ICU Support

“… Alavi-Moghaddam et al, 2013 [ 20 ], Ozkan et al, 2020 [ 21 ], Fuchs Bahlis et al, 2021 [ 2 ], Esteban Ronda et al, 2021 [ 22 ], Feng et al, 2021 [ 3 ], Lazar Neto et al, 2021 [ 6 ], Estella, 2015 [ 23 ], Demirel, 2018 [ 24 ], Holten et al, 2020 [ 25 ], Olivia et al, 2021 [ 26 ], Cupurdija et al, 2015 [ 27 ], Anurag and Preetam, 2021 [ 5 ], Ranzani et al, 2017 [ 28 ], Günaydın et al, 2019 [ 29 ], Tsai et al, 2021 [ 30 ], Wen et al, 2020 [ 31 ], Putot et al, 2016 [ 7 ], Wang et al, 2020 [ 32 ], Bloom et al, 2019 [ 33 ], Williams et al, 2018 [ 34 ], Kim et al, 2013 [ 10 ], Aydin et al, 2019 [ 35 ], Akpınar et al, 2019 [ 36 ], Ito et al, 2017 [ 37 ], Lee et al, 2013 [ 38 ] …”

“…A comparison was made for the highest classes for both severity scores in 13 studies [ 6 , 7 , 20 - 22 , 25 , 27 - 29 , 31 , 34 , 37 , 38 ]. Ozkan et al’s [ 21 ] study had 66.7%/88.9, Alavi-Moghaddam et al [ 20 ] 96.7%/90%, Esteban Ronda et al [ 22 ] 84.62%/88.46%, Lazar Neto et al [ 6 ] 59.9%/56.0%, Holten et al [ 25 ] 71%/58%, Cupurdija et al [ 27 ] 22%/29%, Ranzani et al [ 28 ] 92%/78%, Günaydın et al [ 29 ] 85.2%/82.4%), Wen et al [ 31 ] 66%/85%, Putot et al [ 7 ] 66%/58%, Williams et al [ 34 ], 98%/94%, Ito et al [ 37 ] 24.9%/17.9, and Lee et al [ 38 ] 40.0%/50.0% for PSI and CURB-65 mortality predictions, respectively. The mortality rate for PSI class V ranged from 60% to 96%.…”

The effect of budesonide combined with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli on lung function and gut microbiota of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“… 4 , 5 Recent studies have found that the onset and progression of COPD has a certain correlation with the intestinal microenvironment. 6 , 7 Research has shown that microbial colonies are not only distributed in the intestines, but also in the lungs, with a “gut-lung” axis connection. 8 Disturbance of the gut microbiota not only affects the gastrointestinal immune response but may also have a negative impact on immune states of other organs including lungs.…”