The role of energy supply in abatement cost curves for CO2 capture from process industry – A case study of a Swedish refinery

Analysis of the Impact of Flooring Material and Construction Solutions on Heat Exchange with the Ground in a Historic Wooden Building

“…Research on the shaping of the internal microclimate and energy of the building is very important, especially now with the constantly growing prices of energy carriers [27,28]. In the existing publications, one can find the results of research on unheated and unventilated churches, in which the internal climate depends on the external conditions.…”

Capture of CO2 from Steam Reformer Flue Gases Using Monoethanolamine: Pilot Plant Validation and Process Design for Partial Capture

“…Higher capture rates of ∼99% can also be targeted, implying larger increases in SRD and cost. The impacts of capture rates >90% on cost have been assessed in detail by Brandl et al 62 and Feron et al 63 Regarding the heat supply to a full-scale implementation of CO 2 capture at the refinery test site, we refer to a site-specific assessment 11 that found that capture of 90% of CO 2 from the steam reformer flue gas could be powered by residual heat exclusively. For stand-alone "blue" hydrogen production (90% capture from SMR flue gas with MEA), an IEAGHG report 56 finds an increase in fuel consumption by ∼10% compared to a plant without CO 2 capture.…”

“…In the context of stepwise implementation of CCS via partial capture, partial capture with off-design columns and heat exchangers that are designed for the actual partial capture solvent circulation and CO 2 flow will initially be more-economic than overdesigning the heat exchangers (first implementation phase). This is because plate heat exchangers can be easily extended or added for full capture later on (second implementation phase), at a low additional cost compared to installing full-capture-sized equipment from the beginning (cost scaling exponent close to 1 11 ). If sufficient CO 2 flows are present (e.g., ∼600 kt/a 37 ), the cost of conditioning units scales approximately linearly as well.…”

“…Partial capture of CO 2 , that is, the capture of only a fraction of the total CO 2 emissions from a stack, is a concept for carbon capture and storage (CCS) that was originally proposed for coal- and gas-fired power plants to meet emission performance standards, − that is, preceding the requirement for zero or near-zero fossil fuel emissions, to handle flexibility depending on the merit order or to reduce the absolute costs associated with carbon capture. , In recent years, partial capture has been discussed in terms of a cost-effective near-term mitigation of CCS in process industries, for example, iron and steel, cement, and petroleum refining. − For these industries, higher flue gas CO 2 concentrations make capture more cost-efficient and an initial CCS deployment more likely . In our previous work, we discussed two fundamental approaches to the design of partial capture from a single CO 2 source: (1) separation of ∼90% of the CO 2 from a slipstream of the gas and (2) separation of ≪90% of the CO 2 from the entire flow of the gas via lower solvent circulation rates.…”

Influencing Factors of Carbon Emission from Typical Refining Units: Identification, Analysis, and Mitigation Potential

“…It includes carbon capture, carbon transport, CO 2 -enhanced energy recovery, and comprehensive utilization of CO 2 [25]. The CCUS could mitigate the emissions from refining operations and reduce the refining sector's share of global CO 2 emissions by 4% [26]. Berghout et al [27] evaluated the combination of mitigation options at a complex refinery, including energy efficiency, CCUS, and the introduction of biomass feedstock.…”