The role of enhanced velocity shears in rapid ocean cooling during Super Typhoon Nepartak 2016

Yang, Yiing Jang; Chang, Ming‐Huei; Hsieh, Chia‐Ying; Chang, Hung-I; Jan, Sen; Wei, Ching-Ling

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09574-3

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In recent decades, the understanding of upper ocean response to a tropical cyclone has improved because of the development of observations and modelling. Traditional observation methods such as buoys and moorings (Black and Dickey 2008;Zhang et al 2016aZhang et al , 2019Yang et al 2019), air-deployed drifters and floats (Black et al 2007;D' Asaro et al 2007;Pun et al 2011;Sanford et al 2011), Argo floats (Park et al 2011;Vissa et al 2012;Wu and Chen 2012;Fu et al 2014;Lin et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2020) and satellite remote sensing (Li et al 2018;Yue et al 2018;Ning et al 2019;Zhang et al 2019), as well as new observation technology and methods such as gliders (Domingues et al 2015;Miles et al 2015;Hsu and Ho 2018) and wave gliders (Mitarai and McWilliams 2016), are now applied to TC-ocean observations. Regarding numerical model simulations, early works use the slab ocean model to reproduce the ocean current response (Geisler 1970;Pollard and Millard 1970;Gill 1984), followed by several numerical models such as the three-dimensional Price-Weller-Pinkel model (3DPWP) (Price et al 1994;Sanford et al 2007;Guan et al 2014;Zhang et al 2016a), the regional oceanic modelling system (ROMS) (Yue et al 2018) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ocean General Circulation Model (MIT OGCM) (Zedler et al 2009) to reproduce the three-dimensional current, temperature and salinity responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a transition layer between the mixed layer current and thermocline current, with the current phase turning clockwise as the depth increases (Price et al 1986;Sanford et al 2011;Zhang et al 2016a). Velocity shear in transition layer is considered as the primary mechanism for deepening of upper ocean mixed layer during a TC (Glenn et al 2016;Seroka et al 2017;Yang et al 2019). The TC-induced near-inertial current corresponds to upwelling and downwelling, with the transition of the upwelling (downwelling) branch to the downwelling (upwelling) branch being slow and moderate (quick and intense) (Greatbatch 1983(Greatbatch , 1984(Greatbatch , 1985.…”

Section: Current Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

Zhang

et al. 2021

Geosci. Lett.

100

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Tropical cyclones (TCs) are strong natural hazards that are important for local and global air–sea interactions. This manuscript briefly reviews the knowledge about the upper ocean responses to TCs, including the current, surface wave, temperature, salinity and biological responses. TCs usually cause upper ocean near-inertial currents, increase strong surface waves, cool the surface ocean, warm subsurface ocean, increase sea surface salinity and decrease subsurface salinity, causing plankton blooms. The upper ocean response to TCs is controlled by TC-induced mixing, advection and surface flux, which usually bias to the right (left) side of the TC track in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. The upper ocean response usually recovers in several days to several weeks. The characteristics of the upper ocean response mainly depend on the TC parameters (e.g. TC intensity, translation speed and size) and environmental parameters (e.g. ocean stratification and eddies). In recent decades, our knowledge of the upper ocean response to TCs has improved because of the development of observation methods and numerical models. More processes of the upper ocean response to TCs can be studied by researchers in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

Zhang

et al. 2021

Geosci. Lett.

100

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“…Nowadays, commonly used meteorological models for typhoon detection are mainly based on traditional techniques such as remote sensing, radar, and unmanned aerial vehicles [58][59][60][61]. Compared to these techniques, the GNSS technique has the advantages of being low-cost, weatherproof, and having high spatial-temporal resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time GNSS-Derived PWV for Typhoon Characterizations: A Case Study for Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Hong Kong

Zhang

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Typhoons can be serious natural disasters for the sustainability and development of society. The development of a typhoon usually involves a pre-existing weather disturbance, warm tropical oceans, and a large amount of moisture. This implies that a large variation in the atmospheric water vapor over the path of a typhoon can be used to study the characteristics of the typhoon. This is the reason that the variation in precipitable water vapor (PWV) is often used to capture the signature of a typhoon in meteorology. This study investigates the usability of real-time PWV retrieved from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for typhoons’ characterizations, and especially, the following aspects were investigated: (1) The correlation between PWV and atmospheric parameters including pressure, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed; (2) water vapor transportation during a typhoon period; and (3) the correlation between the movement of a typhoon and the transportation of water vapor. The case study selected for this research was Super Typhoon Mangkhut that occurred in mid-September 2018 in Hong Kong. The PWV time series were obtained from a conversion of GNSS-derived zenith total delays (ZTDs) using observations at 10 stations selected from the Hong Kong GNSS continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network, which are also located along the path of the typhoon. The Bernese GNSS Software (ver. 5.2) was used to obtain the ZTDs; and the root mean square (RMS) of the differences between the GNSS-ZTDs and International GNSS Service post-processed ZTDs time series was less than 8 mm. The RMS of the differences between the GNSS-PWVs (i.e., the ZTDs converted PWVs) and radiosonde-derived PWVs (RS-PWVs) time series was less than 2 mm. The changes in PWV reflect the variation in wind speed during the typhoon period to a certain degree, and their correlation coefficient was 0.76, meaning a significant positive correlation. In addition, a new approach was proposed to estimate the direction and speed of a typhoon’s movement using the time difference of PWV arrival at different sites. The direction and speed estimated agreed well with the ones published by the China Meteorological Administration. These results suggest that GNSS-derived PWV has a great potential for the monitoring and even prediction of typhoon events, especially for near real-time warnings.

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“…Due to our geographical location over Asia, we are primarily interested in TCs (i.e., typhoons) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and the neighboring East China Sea (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) (Figure 2) [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Typhoon Intensity Increase with Translation Speed Increase in the South China Sea

et al. 2020

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Tropical cyclone (TC) translation speed is an important parameter. In the context of TC–ocean interaction, faster translation speed can contribute to less TC-induced ocean cooling and thus enables more air–sea enthalpy flux supply to favor TC intensification. In 2018, Kossin published an interesting paper in Nature, reporting a global slow-down of TC translation speed since the 1950s. However, upon close inspection, in the last two decades, TC translation speed actually increased over the western North Pacific (WNP) and neighboring seas. Thus, we are interested to see which sub-region in the WNP and neighboring seas had the largest increase during the last two decades, and whether such increases contribute to TC intensification. Our results found statistically significant translation speed increases (~0.8 ms−1 per decade) over the South China Sea. Ruling out other possible factors that may influence TC intensity (i.e., changes in atmospheric vertical wind shear, pre-TC sea surface temperature or subsurface thermal condition), we suggest, in this research, the possible contribution of TC translation speed increases to the observed TC intensity increases over the South China Sea in the last two decades (1998–2017).

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The role of enhanced velocity shears in rapid ocean cooling during Super Typhoon Nepartak 2016

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones: a review

Real-Time GNSS-Derived PWV for Typhoon Characterizations: A Case Study for Super Typhoon Mangkhut in Hong Kong

The Association of Typhoon Intensity Increase with Translation Speed Increase in the South China Sea

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