“…Top management is also important (Arnold, Benford, Canada, & Sutton, 2011;Barton & MacArthur, 2015;Lundqvist, 2014;2015;Meidell & Kaarbøe, 2017;Tekathen & Dechow, 2013;Viscelli, Hermanson, & Beasley, 2017). Top management affects the formation of risk cultures because it influences the adoption of specific risk management procedures (Meidell & Kaarbøe, 2017), accountability within the organization (Cohen, Krishnamoorthy, & Wright, 2017), and organizational flexibility (Arnold et al, 2011;2015). Cohen et al (2017) found a strong relationship between ERM implementation and the financial reporting process based on a survey of CFOs, audit partners, and audit committee members of US companies.…”