The Role of Environmental Engagement in Tolerating Urban Bird Problems

Charles, Kerry E.; Linklater, Wayne L.

doi:10.1080/10871209.2015.961213

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Meanwhile, ecological citizenship requires active involvement in the environment because it is an effort to maintain and grow connectedness with nature (Soga & Gaston, 2016), including community engagement and empowerment (Blair, Wescott, & Miller, 2016) to achieve meaningful conservation behaviors and outcomes (Shwartz et al, 2014). The increasing rate of urbanization, as pointed out by Charles and Linklater (2015), is one of the many reasons why citizen involvement is important. It also demands a variety of solutions, including the need for 'scientific programs for citizens' with smart device technology (Davis, Taylor, & Martin, 2019;McKinley et al, 2017;Schröter et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Citizenship Discourse: A Critical Study of Citizenship Education in Indonesia

Kasmawati

2023

Humaniora

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The research discussed that global and ecological citizenship discourse became vital for all current citizenship models; apart from the relational needs between humans and the environment, nature also needed to be preserved for survival and efforts to increase civic values. However, this conceptual-theoretical debate about the development and influence of this discourse created an antinomy among the dominant theories that had a place in contemporary citizenship discourse. Qualitatively, the research contributed to exploring the development of global and ecological citizenship discourse and its influence on students’ experiences of citizenship in Indonesia. It was built on ‘theoretical eclecticism’ and focused on the respondent’s ‘cognitive response’ combined with a critical realism perspective to analyze data, which was obtained randomly in various places and students from various majors by prioritizing the main aspects: mental existence; external existence; and essence as a knowledge domain; awareness; and their experiences. Each meeting lasted between 30 to 45 minutes with 100 respondents. Descriptively, the research results indicate that the development of global and ecological citizenship discourse has not received attention and has a significant impact on the discourse of education and citizenship experience in Indonesia. The ecological dimension lacks or does not yet have a close relationship with all other dimensions in the citizen’s experience as a form of civic virtue, including knowledge, awareness, and actions, both economic, social, and political.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Citizenship Discourse: A Critical Study of Citizenship Education in Indonesia

Kasmawati

2023

Humaniora

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“…Wilson et al, 1998). Furthermore, recent research shows that the reintroduction of k k to the Wellington urban landscape has been associated with an increased human-wildlife conflict (Charles and Linklater, 2015). One of the interviewees argued that takah (Porphyrio hochstetteri) and rifleman (Acanthisitta chloris) may be also added to the list of selected keystone species.…”

Section: Question 2: Keystone Species Under Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban biodiversity in an era of climate change: Towards an optimised landscape pattern in support of indigenous wildlife species in urban New Zealand

Rastandeh¹

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Biodiversity is the basis of life on the planet Earth. Without biodiversity, ecosystems and the life within them will not thrive. Nevertheless, biodiversity currently grapples with unprecedented challenges attributed to climate change and anthropogenic development, mostly in urban landscapes. While less than 3% of the world’s land surface is covered by urban settlements, biodiversity conservation in urban landscapes is vital because historically most cities have been established at ecosystem junctions where a variety of wildlife species co-exist and interact with abiotic resources to support ecosystem health, and therefore ecosystem services which are essential to human wellbeing, and indeed survival. To support biodiversity and ensure ecosystem services in these human-occupied ecosystem junctions, developing and advancing accurate and reliable knowledge to enable the informed arrangement of ecological patterns and processes in space and time should perhaps be one of the principal tenets of landscape architecture in the twenty-first century. One way this can be fulfilled is through the spatial design of land cover patterns based upon what wildlife require to survive in such a changing and unpredictable atmosphere. Thus, there is an urgent need for undertaking research to inform landscape architecture researchers and practitioners who engage in a wide range of planned interventions in urban landscapes, including decision making on site selection and the allocation of land for human activities or nature preservation, long-term land use planning in its broad sense, urban forestry, landscape restoration, geo-design practices, etc. In this research, Wellington New Zealand is chosen as the study area. Ecologically fragmented and rapidly growing, the city has been established and continues to expand at one of the most valuable ecosystem junctions in the Southern Hemisphere. As one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots, New Zealand is experiencing widespread biodiversity loss in its urban landscapes. Unique but fragile, New Zealand indigenous fauna face a wide range of impacts imposed by climate change including ecosystem degradation and habitat loss, biological invasions by some exotic plants, an increased rate of predation by introduced mammals that is exacerbated by rising temperatures, the spread of diseases by introduced species, phenological changes, and food scarcity particularly during winter. In response to these threats, this research drills down into the role of spatial patterning of patches of vegetation in order to safeguard indigenous fauna against climate change in urban New Zealand where possible. The aim is to examine opportunities for biodiversity conservation through spatial planning and design based upon the habitat requirements of urban fauna as a determinant factor for shaping and characterising urban landscapes. This is conducted to contribute to an informed spatial design of land cover patterns in relation to ecological processes in order to enhance human-wildlife co-existence in urban landscapes and to support the continuation of a wide range of ecosystem services in a climate that continues to change. A novel methodology employed in this research involves (1) a questionnaire-centred survey of international scholars, (2) semi-structured interviews with New Zealand subject-matter experts, and (3) a GIS-based spatial analysis of Wellington New Zealand using a rich collection of spatial datasets. Arc Map v. 10.4.1, FRAGSTATS v.4.2, and a core set of 15 landscape metrics have been used to quantify and measure the current composition and configuration of land cover classes distributed in Wellington with regards to the spatial ecology of six keystone species endemic to New Zealand. Results provide an array of land-based information applicable in landscape architecture research and practice. According to this research, the study area has suffered from widespread land cover change and habitat loss over the last two centuries. Although a large proportion of the urban landscape is still covered by different types of green space, in most, if not all, cases, the spatial composition and configuration of patches of vegetation do not meet the minimum habitat requirements that will allow urban fauna to respond effectively to the current threats attributed to climate change. To avoid further biodiversity loss and ensure the natural regeneration of indigenous ecosystems in the region over time, this research suggests that the allocation of land for human activities and/or biodiversity conservation in urban New Zealand should be informed by an in-depth knowledge of the spatial ecology of keystone species, such as kererū and tūī. Based upon this key concept, it is informed interventions in the composition and configuration of land cover classes that are likely to contribute most effectively to safeguarding wildlife species from the local impacts of climate change in urban New Zealand, not necessarily conventional development of green spaces or increasing the percentage of green space per capita without careful strategic consideration of the location and nature of that green space. The nature and level of these interventions should be determined with particular regard to the floristic nature of each land cover class as well as ecological interactions between the land cover classes and urban fauna in space and time. These findings are discussed, depicted, and illustrated in detail and reveal, for the first time, an integrated picture of current capacities and bottlenecks for biodiversity conservation through spatial planning in the context of climate change in urban New Zealand. The research ends with ten spatially-explicit recommendations for landscape architecture and land use planning practitioners in urban New Zealand, proposing practical solutions for achieving optimised landscape pattern compositions and configurations for safeguarding urban fauna against the impacts of climate change where possible. The research also opens up six specific areas of inquiry for future research in New Zealand and other regions with similar issues and challenges, worldwide. While the research places particular emphasis on urban New Zealand, lessons learned can contribute to the body of landscape architecture knowledge on a global scale, and show that landscape architects have a critical role in maintaining and increasing the well-being of people in cities through focusing on the health of urban biodiversity.

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“…However, strategies will vary depending on land cover (Towns et al 2019). Predator control and eradication in urban areas rely heavily on enduring support from resident communities and require specialised ecological understanding (Charles & Linklater 2015;Peltzer et al 2019).…”

Section: The Case Of Aotearoa New Zealand and Its Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of acoustics and avifauna: An integrative approach to avian ecology across the Southern Hemisphere

Becker¹

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Ecological monitoring is taking on greater significance as we try to better understand and mitigate anthropogenic impacts on Earth’s ecosystems and species. This has led to the development of more effective avenues of ecological inference and means to inform them. These include birds and their ecology, which often represent wider ecological processes reliably. Birds are also relatively easily observable, and not just visually. Vocalising taxa, like birds, are suitable subjects for acoustic monitoring. This compatibility has drawn increased focus to interdisciplinarity and integrated approaches to ecological research. In this thesis, I aimed to adopt an integrated approach to avian ecology in different ecosystems across the Southern Hemisphere, with an emphasis on (but not restricted to) acoustic monitoring. As an introductory study, I conducted a systematic review of bioacoustics literature from Africa, which, as a continent, is particularly well suited for acoustics-based biodiversity research. I reviewed 727 publications, dating back to 1953. My analyses revealed an overall exponential increase in bioacoustics research output, but notable underrepresentation of non-mammalian, non-terrestrial, conservation/human impact, and African-led studies. My results help illustrate the potential for expanding the field of bioacoustics on several levels across Africa. Following this, I used multi-year data (2013-2018) from bird surveys in a flood-pulsed dryland wetland in southern Africa to assess the responses of seven functional groups of wetland-dependent bird to varying (remotely sensed) inundation levels and fire frequencies. I used generalised additive modelling to help predict these responses, in an attempt to relate hydrological fluctuations to ecological processes along the central channel system of Botswana’s Okavango Delta. My models robustly predicted trait-based responses of wetland-dependent birds in the delta’s interior and showcase an avenue for long-term ecological monitoring in dryland wetland systems, to support management and mitigation efforts. Finally, I used data collected from passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) and camera trap surveys to investigate the determinants of functional, phylogenetic, and taxonomic structures of bird communities in urban forest patches across Wellington City in Aotearoa New Zealand. These determinants were broadly divided into (1) forest patch characteristics and (2) relative predator abundances. I identified older forest stands, distance to a sizable ecosanctuary, and cat, possum, and rat (Rattus spp.) abundances as key determinants of urban forest bird community structures. This study presents further evidence of how functional and phylogenetic community measures can be driven by different determinants compared to taxonomic metrics. I highlight the value of these findings in an urban conservation and ecological restoration context and evaluate the use of acoustically derived bird species richness appraisal tools in urban forest habitats. My thesis demonstrates how an integrated approach to avian ecology can help track ecological integrity and inform conservation strategies in a rapidly changing world.

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The Role of Environmental Engagement in Tolerating Urban Bird Problems

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Ecological Citizenship Discourse: A Critical Study of Citizenship Education in Indonesia

Ecological Citizenship Discourse: A Critical Study of Citizenship Education in Indonesia

Urban biodiversity in an era of climate change: Towards an optimised landscape pattern in support of indigenous wildlife species in urban New Zealand

Of acoustics and avifauna: An integrative approach to avian ecology across the Southern Hemisphere

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