The role of environmental factors in allergy: A critical reappraisal

Gilles, Stefanie; Akdiş, Cezmi A.; Lauener, Roger; Schmid‐Grendelmeier, Peter; Bieber, Thomas; Schäppi, Georg; Traidl‐Hoffmann, Claudia

doi:10.1111/exd.13769

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The rising trend in allergies is associated with changes in lifestyle and the control of infections which, taken together, seem to result in an “under‐challenged” immune system . On the other hand, lifestyle changes and indoor and outdoor environmental pollutants are suspected to keep our immune system in a constant state of low‐grade inflammation.…”

Section: Basic Mechanisms Of Allergic Diseases—key Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care

Breiteneder

Diamant

Eiwegger

et al. 2019

Allergy

101

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. AbstractThe specialties of allergy and clinical immunology have entered the era of precision medicine with the stratification of diseases into distinct disease subsets, specific diagnoses, and targeted treatment options, including biologicals and small molecules.This article reviews recent developments in research and patient care and future trends in the discipline. The section on basic mechanisms of allergic diseases summarizes the current status and defines research needs in structural biology, type 2 inflammation, immune tolerance, neuroimmune mechanisms, role of the microbiome and diet, environmental factors, and respiratory viral infections. In the section on diagnostic challenges, clinical trials, precision medicine and immune monitoring Zuzana Diamanthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0133-0100Thomas Eiwegger https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-7829Wytske J. Fokkens https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4852-229X

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Section: Basic Mechanisms Of Allergic Diseases—key Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rising trend in allergies is associated with changes in lifestyle and the control of infections which, taken together, seem to result in an "under-challenged" immune system. 65,66 On the other hand,…”

Section: Exposome Environmental Factors and Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care

Breiteneder

Diamant

Eiwegger

et al. 2019

Allergy

101

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“…In terms of currently rising levels of atmospheric pollutants, new challenges for allergic people will rise as the composition and allergenicity of pollen can be altered (Beck et al, 2013;Gilles et al, 2018) and the skin barrier that is needed to protect from allergy development can be damaged by the influence of pollutants (e.g. O3 or NO2; Heuson and Traidl-Hoffmann, 2018).…”

Section: Increasing Exposure To Airborne Allergens and Volatile Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework

Marselle¹,

Hartig²,

Cox³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, understanding of how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, we need a better grasp on the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health, including those that run through psychological and social processes as well as through biochemical and biophysical processes. Building on evidence from across the natural, social and health sciences, we present a conceptual framework organising the pathways linking biodiversity to human health. Four domains of pathways—both beneficial as well as harmful—link biodiversity with human health: (i) reducing harm (e.g. provision of medicines, decreasing exposure to air and noise pollution); (ii) restoring capacities (e.g. attention restoration and stress reduction); (iii) building capacities (e.g. promoting physical activity, transcendental experiences), and (iv) causing harm (e.g. dangerous wildlife, zoonotic diseases or allergens). We discuss how to test components of the biodiversity-health framework with analytical approaches and existing datasets. In a world with accelerating declines in biodiversity, profound land-use change, and an increase in non-communicable and zoonotic diseases globally, greater understanding of these pathways can reinforce biodiversity conservation as a strategy for the promotion of health for both people and nature. We conclude by identifying research avenues and recommendations for policy and practice to foster biodiversity-focused public health actions.

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“…More recently, Bennett G. Braun described several patients with multiple personalities in whom an allergic disorder was present with one but not the other personality (2). "Placebo responses" in patients suffering from allergies are among the strongest observed in clinical studies (3,4), and their great magnitude often results in insufficient statistical power for detecting verum effects (5). These observations underscore the importance of psychological factors in allergic disorders, which are widespread with an increasing prevalence worldwide, exacting a high societal burden (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human sleep consolidates allergic responses conditioned to the environmental context of an allergen exposure

Besedovsky

Benischke

Fischer

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Allergies are highly prevalent, and allergic responses can be triggered even in the absence of allergens due to Pavlovian conditioning to a specific cue. Here we show in humans suffering from allergic rhinitis that merely reencountering the environmental context in which an allergen was administered a week earlier is sufficient to trigger an allergic response—but only if participants had slept after allergen exposure. This context-conditioning effect was entirely absent when participants stayed awake the night after allergen exposure or were tested in a different context. Unlike in context conditioning, cue conditioning (to an odor stimulus) occurred independently of sleep, a differential pattern that is likewise observed for conditioning in the behavioral domain. Our findings provide evidence that allergic responses can be conditioned to contextual information alone, even after only a single-trial conditioning procedure, and that sleep is necessary to consolidate this rapidly acquired maladaptive response. The results unravel a mechanism that could explain part of the strong psychological impact on allergic responses.

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The role of environmental factors in allergy: A critical reappraisal

Cited by 77 publications

References 87 publications

Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care

Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care

Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework

Human sleep consolidates allergic responses conditioned to the environmental context of an allergen exposure

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