The role of environmental protection expenditures and renewable energy consumption in the context of ecological challenges: Insights from the European Union with the novel panel econometric approach

The symbiotic effects of energy consumption, globalization, and combustible renewables and waste on ecological footprint in the United Kingdom

“…Additionally, they found that trade openness had a short‐term negative effect on the EFP, and GDP growth harmed the EFP in the short and long terms. Bozatli and Akca (2023) and Ahmed et al (2021) conducted a study to investigate the long‐term asymmetric effects of environmental taxes; globalization, encompassing overall globalization and its political, social, and economic dimensions; and environmental taxes on ecological footprints in both the USA and Japan. In the United States, their research indicated that adverse economic and overall globalization changes were linked to increased ecological footprints (EFPs).…”

Testing the income-finance-trade-environment nexus based on the ecological load capacity factor: Frequency-domain causality evidence from Nigeria

“…Another aspect of the related empirical literature comprises studies that have incorporated the role of economic liberalization measures, such as financial development and trade openness, into the environmental impact equation [ 11 , 16 , 17 , 22 , 29 , [31] , [32] , [33] , 44 , 45 ]. Dogan et al [ 22 ], Omoke et al [ 16 ], and Dada et al [ 17 ] are the only studies that have examined the particular case of Nigeria, focusing on the demand side of ecological sustainability accounting using footprints on productive resources.…”

“…Dada et al [ 17 ] observed that the ecological footprint of the economy decreases with an increase in trade openness. Among the numerous empirical studies that have examined the ecological impact of financial development and trade openness in other economies, only Agila et al [ 31 ], Latif and Faridi [ 29 ], Akhayere et al [ 32 ], Kartal et al [ 33 ], Pata et al [ 44 ], and Caglar and Yavuz [ 45 ] have modelled using the ecological load capacity factor.…”

“…Their findings indicated that income and trade globalization have a negative and significant predictive power on the ecological load capacity base of the economy. Furthermore, Caglar and Yavuz [ 45 ] conducted a panel study of the European Union from 1995 to 2018, revealing that trade openness has a significant positive impact on the ecological load capacity factor.…”

Elongating the role of renewable energy and sustainable foreign direct investment on environmental degradation

“…The industrial revolution of the 1760s has uplifted the graph of economic growth globally, but the higher pace of economic growth was achieved at the cost of environmental quality compromise [ 2 ]. Non-renewable energy resources were used to run industries like coal and fossil fuels [ 4 , 5 ]. The current decade's prevalent challenge is maintaining the balance between economic growth and carbon emission reduction [ 6 ].…”