The role of environmental sodium chloride relative to calcium in gill morphology of freshwater salmonid fish

Laurent, Pierre; Hõbe, Helve; Dunel‐Erb, Suzanne

doi:10.1007/bf00216356

Cited by 119 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Other studies (Laurent et al 1985;Perry and Laurent 1989) suggest that both Na ϩ and Cl Ϫ uptake occur in CCs. CCs in saltwater fish have been shown to be responsible for branchial ion excretion (Foskett and Scheffey 1982).…”

Section: Physiological Significance Of Ca In Fish Gillsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Carbonic Anhydrase in the Gills of Seawater-and Freshwater-acclimated Flounders Platichthys flesus: Purification, Characterization, and Immunohistochemical Localization

Sender

Böttcher

Cetin

et al. 1999

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SUMMARYFlounders Platichthys flesus were investigated with respect to isolation, purification, and cellular localization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the respiratory system. CA was purified from gills and erythrocytes and was shown to exclusively represent a soluble enzyme with an apparent molecular weight of 30 kD. Inhibition constants (K I ) towards acetazolamide (ACTZ) were 8.4·10 Ϫ 9 M for erythrocyte CA and 7.6·10 Ϫ 9 M for gill CA, indicating a high sensitivity to sulfonamides, as exhibited by human CA II. Specific CA activity did not differ significantly in seawater-and freshwater-acclimated fish. Antibodies were raised against purified gill and erythrocyte CA. Both antisera crossreacted and were used to localize CA in the gills of seawater and freshwater flounders at the light microscopic level. Independent of the salinity, a positive reaction of variable intensity was found in the following cell types: pavement cells (PVCs), forming the gill epithelial surface layer; mucous cells (MCs); pillar cells (PCs), bordering the vascular channels of the secondary lamellae; and chloride cells (CCs), mitochondria-rich cells located in the primary epithelium, the interlamellar regions, and at the bases of the secondary lamellae.

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Section: Physiological Significance Of Ca In Fish Gillsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Carbonic Anhydrase in the Gills of Seawater-and Freshwater-acclimated Flounders Platichthys flesus: Purification, Characterization, and Immunohistochemical Localization

Sender

Böttcher

Cetin

et al. 1999

J Histochem Cytochem.

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“…plecostomus are related to CC morphology and distribution. The apical morphology and surface area of CCs exposed to the environment is related to pH, salinity and low Ca 2+ concentrations in water (Laurent et al, 1985;Leino et al, 1987). The large apical surface area of CCs such as that found in H. cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial gill cells in the armored catfish, Hypostomus cf. plecostomus (Loricariidae)

Fernandes

Perna-Martins

2001

Rev. Bras. Biol.

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Epithelial gill cell morphology and distribution were investigated in the armored catfish, Hypostomus cf. plecostomus, which lives in soft ion-poor Brazilian freshwaters. Pavement cells are the most abundant type of cell on both filament and lamellar epithelia and there are a great number of mucous and chloride cells between them. Mucous cells are almost covered by adjacent pavement cells and have large packed granules showing electrondense differences. No mucous cells were found on the lamellar epithelium. Chloride cell were distributed throughout both epithelia and usually have large apical surface facing the external medium and may exhibit short and sparsely distributed microvilli. The presence of chloride cells on the lamellar epithelium may be an adaptation to low ion concentrations in the water, allowing for improved ion-transport capacity of the gill. The large size of these cells increases the water-blood barrier and may affect the transference of respiratory gases. However, the negative effect on the respiratory process may be minimized by this species' ability to resort to atmospheric air to fulfill its oxygen requirements.Key words: gills, epithelium, teleost, loricariid, Hypostomus cf. plecostomus. RESUMOEpitélio branquial de cascudo, Hypostomus cf. plecostomus (Loricariidae)

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“…Water samples were taken intermittently from tanks containing fish to determine environmental [Na+] and [Ca2W]. Although LCFW solution contains normal, freshwater concentrations of Na+ and Cl-, it has low levels of other ions; we explicitly assume that the results obtained are due to decreased Ca2+; absence of other divalent ions does not cause morphological changes in teleost gills (14). Environmental and total plasma [Na+] and [Ca2+] were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium uptake in the skin of a freshwater teleost.

McCormick

Hasegawa

Hirano

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

128

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The skin, particularly the opercular membrane of some teleosts, contains mitochondrion-rich "chloride" cells and has been widely used as a model to study branchial salt-extrusion mechanisms in seawater fish. Skin isolated from the operculum of the freshwater Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotcus) can transport Ca2' against an ionic and electrical gradient. Adaptation of Nile tilapia to a low-Ca21 environment increased the capacity ofthe opercular membrane to transport Ca2+. The density of mitochondrion-rich cells increased in parallel with Ca2' transport capacity. The results demonstrate net Ca2+ uptake by vertebrate skin and strongly implicate mitochondrion-rich cells as the site of Ca2+ uptake in fresh water.Calcium is necessary for a variety of functions in animals, including bone and scale growth, muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, hormone secretion, and intracellular signaling. In animals living in fresh water, calcium can be obtained from food or from the surrounding medium. Freshwater fish have the capacity to maintain normal blood Ca2+ levels (2-4 mM) in a wide range of external Ca2+ concentrations (<0.01 mM), even when food is withheld for long periods (1-3). Although the gills (4-12) and skin (5, 13) have both been implicated as sites of Ca2`uptake in teleosts, net Ca2' uptake in isolated skin or gill tissue has not, to our knowledge, previously been demonstrated. The present study was undertaken to determine whether net Ca2' uptake occurs in fish skin in vitro and whether mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells are involved in Ca2+ uptake. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is an Old World cichlid endemic to the freshwater lakes of the Rift Valley of Africa. Juvenile Nile tilapia, weighing 40-60 g and previously reared in fresh water, were kept in 33-liter tanks maintained at 24 + 1°C with charcoal filtration and aeration. Fish were kept in either freshwater (FW: 0.77-1.04 mM Na+/0.54-0.58 mM Ca2+) or low-Ca2+ freshwater (LCFW: deionized water supplemented with NaCl, 0.50-0.97 mM Na+, and 0.003-0.011 mM Ca2+). Fish were maintained under experimental conditions for at least 2 weeks before sampling and were fed a maintenance ration of commercial trout chow (0.5% body weight per day). Water samples were taken intermittently from tanks containing fish to determine environmental [Na+] and [Ca2W]. Although LCFW solution contains normal, freshwater concentrations of Na+ and Cl-, it has low levels of other ions; we explicitly assume that the results obtained are due to decreased Ca2+; absence of other divalent ions does not cause morphological changes in teleost gills (14). Environmental and total plasma [Na+] and [Ca2+] were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Two-thirds of the tank volume in each group was replaced every other day. Food was withheld for 24 hr before sampling of individual fish. Fish were killed by cranial concussion and pithing and were bled from the caudal vessels into heparinized syringes. Plasma was isolated by centrifugation and sto...

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The role of environmental sodium chloride relative to calcium in gill morphology of freshwater salmonid fish

Cited by 119 publications

References 26 publications

Carbonic Anhydrase in the Gills of Seawater-and Freshwater-acclimated Flounders Platichthys flesus: Purification, Characterization, and Immunohistochemical Localization

Carbonic Anhydrase in the Gills of Seawater-and Freshwater-acclimated Flounders Platichthys flesus: Purification, Characterization, and Immunohistochemical Localization

Epithelial gill cells in the armored catfish, Hypostomus cf. plecostomus (Loricariidae)

Calcium uptake in the skin of a freshwater teleost.

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