The role of epithelial cells in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment

Luo, Liuyi; Zhang, Wei; You, Siyao; Cui, Xinyan; Tu, Hua; Yi, Qiao; Wu, Jianjun; Liu, Ousheng

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107144

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 282 publications

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“…The Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red staining performed in our prostate tissue samples revealed a lower fibrotic component in the prostates of CR rats compared with ND rats. Fibrosis is an important factor in the onset and progression of BPH [50], and although the pathogenesis of fibrosis is not well understood, EMT is a well-known process that by facilitating the transformation of epithelial cells into myofibroblasts, instigates fibrosis in several organs, mainly during aging [51]. Recent studies have speculated that prostate enlargement may result from the accumulation of cells as a result of epithelial proliferation and the EMT process, as suggested by the evidence of a lower expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and a higher expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin in BPH tissues, providing novel insight into the origin of stromal cells [52][53][54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Caloric Restriction on Inflammatory Targets in the Prostates of Aged Rats

Rago,

Conforti,

La Russa

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Numerous animal models have demonstrated that caloric restriction (CR) is an excellent tool to delay aging and increase the quality of life, likely because it counteracts age-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. The aging process can affect the prostate in three ways: the onset of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. In this study, we used 14 aged male Sprague Dawley rats, which were allocated into two groups, at the age of 18 months old. One group was fed ad libitum (a normal diet (ND)), and the other group followed a caloric restriction diet with a 60% decrease in intake. The rats were sacrificed at the age of 24 months. By immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot (WB) analyses, we studied the variations between the two groups in immune inflammation and fibrosis-related markers in aged prostate tissues. Morphological examinations showed lower levels of prostatic hyperplasia and fibrosis in the CR rats vs. the ND rats. The IHC results revealed that the prostates of the CR rats exhibited a lower immune proinflammatory infiltrate level and a reduced expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, together with significantly reduced expressions of mesenchymal markers and the profibrotic factor TGFβ1. Finally, by WB analysis, we observed a reduced expression of ERα, which is notoriously implicated in prostate stromal proliferation, and increased expressions of SOD1 and Hsp70, both exerting protective effects against oxidative stress. Overall, these data suggest that CR brings potential benefits to prostatic tissues as it reduces the physiological immune–inflammatory processes and the tissue remodeling caused by aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Caloric Restriction on Inflammatory Targets in the Prostates of Aged Rats

Rago,

Conforti,

La Russa

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…In another study, the role of miRNA in pulmonary fibrosis was proposed through miRNA/mRNA analysis of IPF patients ( Wang et al, 2020 ). It typically manifests as a process of downregulation of markers in epithelial cells ( e.g ., E-cadherin, ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and β-catenin) and upregulation of markers in mesenchyme ( e.g ., N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin), leading to cytoskeletal remodeling and intracellular organelle dysfunction ( Luo et al, 2024 ).…”

Section: Survey Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of action of miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediation

Liu,

Guan

2024

PeerJ

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Background miRNAs are small, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNA that are typically transported by exosomes for their functional roles. The therapeutic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been explored in various diseases including breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, skin diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and glioma. Pathophysiological processes such as cellular inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, immune dysfunction, and oxidative stress are closely associated with miRNAs. Internal and external factors such as tissue ischemia, hypoxia, pathogen infection, and endotoxin exposure can trigger these reactions and are linked to miRNAs. Paraquat-induced fibrosis is a protracted process that may not manifest immediately after injury but develops during bodily recovery, providing insights into potential miRNA intervention treatments. Rationale These findings could potentially be applied for further pharmaceutical research and clinical therapy of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and are likely to be of great interest to clinicians involved in lung fibrosis research. Methodology Through a literature review, we identified an association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and their involvement in the Wnt signaling pathway. This allowed us to deduce the molecular mechanisms underlying regulatory interactions involved in paraquat-induced lung fibrosis. Results miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p play roles in body repair processes, and pulmonary fibrosis can be considered a form of reparative response by the body. Although the initial purpose of fibrotic repair is to restore normal body function, excessive tissue fibrosis, unlike scar formation following external skin trauma, can significantly and adversely affect the body. Modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is beneficial in alleviating tissue fibrosis in various diseases. Conclusions In this study, we delineate the association between miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, presenting a novel concept for addressing paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

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The landscape of new therapeutic opportunities for IBD

Hurtado-Lorenzo,

Swantek

2024

Advances in Pharmacology

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The role of epithelial cells in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 282 publications

The Effects of Caloric Restriction on Inflammatory Targets in the Prostates of Aged Rats

The Effects of Caloric Restriction on Inflammatory Targets in the Prostates of Aged Rats

Mechanism of action of miR-15a-5p and miR-152-3p in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediation

The landscape of new therapeutic opportunities for IBD

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