The Role of Equilibrium between Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Kotzaeroglou, Anastasia; Tsamesidis, Ioannis

doi:10.3390/medicines9110057

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Повышенный уровень СОД наблюдается как реакция организма на повышенные концентрации супероксида [7,17,18]. У больных депрессией было описано как повышение, так и снижение активности СОД: в эритроцитах уровень СОД повышен, а в сыворотке и плазме ее уровни снижены, поэтому роль СОД как маркера ОС у пациентов с депрессией противоречива и требует дальнейших исследований [5].…”

Section: нервно-психические расстройстваunclassified

“…Глутатионпероксидаза (ГПХ) катализирует восстановление пероксидов, включая перекись водорода. ГПХ в нормальных условиях защищает организм от гибели клеток, повреждения ДНК и нейронов [5,17,18]. У больных аффективными расстройствами, депрессией и шизофренией выявлено понижение активности ГПХ по сравнению со здоровыми людьми.…”

Section: нервно-психические расстройстваunclassified

“…В этом случае комбинированная терапия АД является наиболее традиционным подходом. Сочетание двух или более антидепрессантов может воздействовать на различные нейрохимические пути, усиливая в то же самое время риск побочных эффектов и развития резистентности [5]. Более новые медицинские стратегии направлены на усиление эффектов, не связанных с нейротрансмиттерами, за счет обеспечивания адъювантных преимуществ других лекарственных средств, которые в конечном итоге могут патогенетически воздействовать на механизмы развития депрессии (воспаление, оксидантный стресс), особенно у коморбидных пациентов [6].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Possible prospects for the combined administration of antidepressants and antioxidants in neurological patients

Putilina,

Teplova

2023

Medicinskij sovet

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Antidepressants (ADs) are a group of drugs whose action primarily consists of stimulating neurotransmitter systems (dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic systems). Neurologists prescribe them for the treatment of post-stroke and other depression, chronic pain syndromes, neuropathic pain, panic attacks, correction of post-Covid syndrome, for the prevention of migraines, Parkinson’s disease and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, even with appropriate therapy, many people with depressive disorder may experience subsyndromal symptoms and complete remission is short-lived, so there is a need to use other therapeutic approaches. Combining two or more antidepressants may target different neurochemical pathways while increasing the risk of side effects and the development of resistance. Therefore, the search for alternative treatments is urgent, and oxidative stress appears to be an interesting therapeutic target. The combined use of AD and antioxidants may provide an effective and safe approach to enhancing antidepressant effects by synergistically enhancing certain antidepressant activities (eg, enhancing monoamine reuptake inhibition) or by additive pharmacological effects, such as adjusting neurotransmitters and reducing the damaging effects of active agents. forms of oxygen. There are a number of clinical studies to prove the effectiveness of the combined use of antioxidants and antioxidants. In the group of patients receiving a combination of antioxidants and antidepressants/anti-anxiety drugs, there was a better regression of symptoms and severity of depression, which probably indicates the usefulness of adjuvant antioxidant therapy with regular psychotropic treatment. The use of combination drugs in complex therapy with blood pressure seems to be a promising direction and requires further study.

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Section: нервно-психические расстройстваunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Possible prospects for the combined administration of antidepressants and antioxidants in neurological patients

Putilina,

Teplova

2023

Medicinskij sovet

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“…Various antidepressants and mood stabilizers can inhibit different components of the mETC [ 24 , 25 ], increasing ROS production and reducing antioxidant capacity [ 26 ]. This energetic deficit and oxidative stress may result in cellular damage, such as that found in the cerebral areas of the pre-frontal cortex and hippocampus [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder: From Early Diagnosis to Emerging Treatment Options

Larrea,

Sánchez-Sánchez,

Diez-Martin

et al. 2024

JCM

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling diseases in the world. MDD is traditionally diagnosed based on a patient’s symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of MDD are unknown, several studies have identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a central factor in the onset and progression of MDD. In the context of MDD, alterations in mitochondrial metabolism can lead to imbalances in energy production and oxidative stress, contributing to the disorder´s underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Consequently, the identification of mitochondrial dysfunction as a key biomarker for early and accurate diagnosis of MDD represents a significant challenge. Faced with the limits of traditional treatments with antidepressants, new pharmacological therapeutic targets are being investigated such as ketamine/esketamine, psychedelics, or anti-inflammatories. All of these drugs show potential antidepressant effects due to their speed of action and ability to modulate neuroplasticity and/or motor processing. In parallel, non-pharmacological therapeutic targets are studied, like Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), recognized for their ability to modulate neuronal activity and offer treatment alternatives. As cellular activity is directly related to mitochondrial respiration, the aim of this review is examining the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and MDD, assessing how mitochondrial biomarkers could provide a more objective and precise diagnostic tool, and exploring other treatments in addition to traditional antidepressants, with a specific focus on emerging therapeutic targets. Finally, a detailed analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of these approaches was carried out, highlighting the key challenges that must be addressed.

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“…These compounds have shown significant potential in drug discovery and development, particularly in the areas of neuropharmacology, oncology, and immunology. Moreover, marine toxins have exhibited remarkable properties such as antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities, which are of considerable importance in the context of human health and disease such as different type of cancers and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ( Abbasi et al, 2012 ; Chigurupati et al, 2018 ; Mohebbi et al, 2018 ; Darabi et al, 2020 ; Kotzaeroglou and Tsamesidis, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Echinometra mathaei and Ophiocoma erinaceus venoms from the Persian Gulf

Dehghani,

Rashedinia,

Mohebbi

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Introduction: The Persian Gulf is home to a diverse range of marine life, including various species of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and echinoderms. This study investigates the potential therapeutic properties of venoms from echinoderms in the Persian Gulf, specifically their ability to inhibit cholinesterases (Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) and act as antioxidants.Methods: Four venoms from two echinoderm species, including the spine, gonad, and coelomic fluids of sea urchins, as well as brittle star venoms, were analyzed using various methods, including LD50 determination, protein analysis, antioxidant assays, GC-MS for secondary metabolite identification, and molecular docking simulations.Results and discussion: The study’s results revealed the LD50 of the samples as follows: 2.231 ± 0.09, 1.03 ± 0.05, 1.12 ± 0.13, and 6.04 ± 0.13 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the protein levels were 44.037 ± 0.002, 74.223 ± 0.025, 469.97 ± 0.02, and 104.407 ± 0.025 μg/mL, respectively. SDS-PAGE and total protein studies indicated that at least part of the venom was proteinaceous. Furthermore, the study found that the brittle star samples exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to other samples, including the standard ascorbic acid, at all tested concentrations. GC-MS analysis identified 12, 23, 21, and 25 compounds in the samples, respectively. These compounds had distinct chemical and bioactive structures, including alkaloids, terpenes, and steroids.Conclusion: These venoms displayed strong cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities, likely attributed to their protein content and the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, and steroids. Notably, the alkaloid compound C7 was identified as a promising candidate for further research in Alzheimer’s disease therapy. In conclusion, echinoderms in the Persian Gulf may hold significant potential for discovering novel therapeutic agents.

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The Role of Equilibrium between Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Cited by 6 publications

References 115 publications

Possible prospects for the combined administration of antidepressants and antioxidants in neurological patients

Possible prospects for the combined administration of antidepressants and antioxidants in neurological patients

Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder: From Early Diagnosis to Emerging Treatment Options

Antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Echinometra mathaei and Ophiocoma erinaceus venoms from the Persian Gulf

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