The Role of Eugenol in the Prevention of Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Experimental Study

Abstract

Aim. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory intra-abdominal disease, which takes a severe form in 15–20% of patients and can result in high mortality especially when complicated by acute renal failure. The aim of this study is to assess the possible reduction in the extent of acute kidney injury after administration of eugenol in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods. 106 male Wistar rats weighing 220–350 g were divided into 3 groups: (1) Sham, with sham surgery; (2) Control, with induction of acute pancreatitis, through ligation of the biliopancreatic duct; and (3) Eugenol, with induction of acute pancreatitis and eugenol administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Serum urea and creatinine, histopathological changes, TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO activity in the kidneys were evaluated at predetermined time intervals. Results. The group that was administered eugenol showed milder histopathological changes than the Control group, TNF-α activity was milder in the Eugenol group, and there was no difference in activity for MPO and IL-6. Serum urea and creatinine levels were lower in the Eugenol group than in the Control group. Conclusions. Eugenol administration was protective for the kidneys in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis in rats.

The positive effect of eugenol on acute pancreatic tissue injury: a rat experimental model

“…In previously published work [ 24 ], researchers demonstrated that by this model, AP is obvious and present, resulting in histopathological changes in pancreatic tissue. Significant edema, intense infiltration of leukocytes and intra-pancreatic bleeding show the similarity of the histopathology of experimental lesions with moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis in humans [ 24 , 25 ], indicating that the rat model is proper for further studies of acute pancreatitis. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is the principal chemical compound of clove oil, which is primarily derived from a variety of plants like Eugenia caryophyllus and Myristica fragrans .…”

“…An experimental model of AP which successfully induces the inflammation of the pancreatic tissue caused by biliary obstruction and leads to multiple organ failure resembling human manifestations has been used before [ 5 , 24 ]. Ligation of the common biliopancreatic duct in a rat model resembles obstructive acute pancreatitis in humans, which encompasses several characteristics such as pancreatic necrosis, haemorrhage of the pancreatic parenchyma, white cell infiltration and formation of microthrombi at distant organ sites.…”

“…Ligation of the common biliopancreatic duct in a rat model resembles obstructive acute pancreatitis in humans, which encompasses several characteristics such as pancreatic necrosis, haemorrhage of the pancreatic parenchyma, white cell infiltration and formation of microthrombi at distant organ sites. Obstruction of the common biliopancreatic duct (CBPD) by gallstones inhibits the efflux of pancreatic enzymes, leading to elevated pressure in the pancreatic tissue and creating bile reflux into the pancreatic duct [ 20 , 24 ].…”

Diclofenac Sodium Treatment Ameliorates Extrapancreatic Organ Injuries in a Murine Model of Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Caerulein

“…In one study, ethyl pyruvate as an anti-inflammatory agent improved extrapancreatic organ injuries in experimental acute pancreatitis [ 19 ]. Another study showed that Eugenol administration was protective for the kidneys in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis in rats [ 20 ]. One study showed that kynurenine-3-monooxygenase inhibition prevented lung, liver, and kidney injuries in rodent models of acute pancreatitis [ 21 ].…”

The Role of Plant-derived Products in Pancreatitis: Experimental and Clinical Evidence

“…Along with the protection of pancreas, they observed significant improvement of creatinine and urea, important biomarkers of kidney function. The histopathological scoring indicated marked improvement of the histology (Markakis et al , ). Although there are a few reports on the efficacy of eugenol on AP, however, there are no mechanisms explored till date.…”