The role of exercise combined with tocilizumab in visceral and epicardial adipose tissue and gastric emptying rate in abdominally obese participants: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Christensen, Regitse Højgaard; Wedell-Neergaard, Anne Sophie; Lehrskov, Louise Lang; Legaard, Grit Elster; Dorph, Emma; Nymand, Stine; Ball, Maria; Zacho, Morten; Christensen, R.; Ellingsgaard, Helga; Rosenmeier, Jaya B.; Krogh-Madsen, Rikke; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund; Karstoft, Kristian

doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2637-0

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Despite that participants were abdominally obese and physically inactive they were normoglycemic at baseline, this should be taken into account when evaluating the data on glycemic control. The power analysis of the study was based on changes in visceral adipose tissue mass (Christensen et al, 2018; Wedell-Neergaard et al, 2018) and not on changes in gastric emptying and glycemic control, it is therefore possibly that the secondary analyses were underpowered. Moreover, the sample size was relatively small and conclusions should be interpreted with caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full study protocol is published (Christensen et al, 2018). Briefly, participants were eligible if they were physically inactive (defined as less than 2.5 h of physical activity per week) (Tremblay et al, 2017) and abdominally obese (waist to height ratio ≥ 0.5 and/or waist circumference ≥ 88/102 cm for women/men, respectively) and age > 18 years old.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eligible participants were block-randomized (1:1:1:1:1) into five groups as described in the protocol paper (Christensen et al, 2018). The randomization sequence was generated by one researcher who did not participate in any clinical study procedures (KK) and concealed from all other researchers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal study investigators thus remained blinded to the training modality as well as the infusions (tocilizumab/saline). The five randomized groups were: no exercise + placebo, no exercise + tocilizumab, exercise + placebo, exercise + tocilizumab, or resistance training + placebo as described in the protocol paper (Christensen et al, 2018), all participants except those allocated to resistance training were included in the analyzes of this particular study (Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Exercise Training and IL-6 Receptor Blockade on Gastric Emptying and GLP-1 Secretion in Obese Humans: Secondary Analyses From a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2019

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BackgroundInterleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from skeletal muscle during exercise and systemic IL-6 levels therefore increase acutely in response to a single bout of exercise. We recently showed that an acute increase in IL-6 delayed gastric emptying rate and improved postprandial glycemia. Here we investigate whether repeated increases in IL-6, induced by exercise training, influence gastric emptying rate and moreover if IL-6 is required for exercise-induced adaptations in glycemic control including secretion of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).MethodsA total of 52 abdominally obese non-diabetic men and women were randomly assigned into four groups performing 12 weeks of endurance exercise or no exercise with or without IL-6 receptor blockade (tocilizumab). The primary endpoint was change in gastric emptying rate in response to the intervention and other endpoints included changes in glycemic control, glucagon, and GLP-1 secretion.ResultsThere was no change in gastric emptying rate in any of the four groups following the intervention and comparing differences in change between groups also revealed no difference. Postprandial glucose remained unchanged in all groups but the exercise + tocilizumab group, which improved postprandial glucose in response to the intervention. The area under the curve for meal-stimulated glucagon, active and total GLP-1 increased in response to IL-6 receptor blockade, this effect was independent of exercise.ConclusionExercise training and long-term IL-6 receptor blockade did not change gastric emptying rates in obese humans. IL-6 receptor blockade increased glucagon and GLP-1 secretion and implicate IL-6 in the regulation of the human alpha and L cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Exercise Training and IL-6 Receptor Blockade on Gastric Emptying and GLP-1 Secretion in Obese Humans: Secondary Analyses From a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2019

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“…Exercise has also beneficial impact on anti-cancer therapy and improves physical and mental health in general. Being physically active reduces the risk of approximately 13 different cancer types (Moore et al, 2016;Pedersen et al, 2016;Christensen R. H. et al, 2018;Hojman et al, 2018). Exercise training after a diagnosis of breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer are associated with an increased survival rate (Pedersen, 2018).…”

Section: Muscle-cancer Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: Focus on Immunometabolism

Bay

Pedersen

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Skeletal muscle secretes several hundred myokines that facilitate communication from muscle to other organs, such as, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, gut, and brain. The biological roles of myokines include effects on e.g., memory and learning, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. The present minireview focuses on recent developments showing that exercise-induced myokines are involved in immunometabolism of importance for the control of e.g., tumor growth and chronic inflammation. In this review, immunometabolism is discussed as the non-immune related pathologies leading to an immune response and some degree of inflammation, which promotes metabolic abnormalities.

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Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Cardiac Adipose Tissues

et al. 2019

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IMPORTANCE Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissues are emerging as important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and there is a growing interest in discovering strategies to reduce the accumulation of fat in these depots. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a 12-week endurance or resistance training intervention regulates epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue mass. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Secondary analysis of a randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial initiated on August 2016 and completed April 2018. This single-center, community-based study included 50 physically inactive participants with abdominal obesity. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to a supervised high-intensity interval endurance training (3 times a week for 45 minutes), resistance training (3 times a week for 45 minutes), or no exercise (control group). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue mass assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, based on a prespecified secondary analysis plan including 3 of 5 parallel groups. RESULTS Of 50 participants (mean [SD] age, 41 [14] years, 10 men [26%]; mean [SD] body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 32 [5]), 39 [78%] completed the study. Endurance training and resistance training reduced epicardial adipose tissue mass by 32% (95% CI, 10%-53%) and 24% (95% CI, 1%-46%), respectively, compared with the no exercise control group (56% [95% CI, 24%-88%]; P = .001 and 48% [95% CI, 15%-81%]; P < .001, respectively). While there was a nonsignificant reduction in pericardial adipose tissue mass after endurance training (11% [95% CI, −5% to 27%]; P = .17), resistance training significantly reduced pericardial adipose tissue mass by 31% (95% CI, 16%-47%; P < .001) when compared with the no exercise control group. Compared with the no exercise control group, there was an increase in left ventricular mass by endurance (20 g [95% CI, 11%-30%]; P < .001) and resistance training (18 g [95% CI, 8%-28%]; P < .001). Other cardiometabolic outcomes remained unchanged after the 12-week trial period. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In individuals with abdominal obesity, both endurance and resistance training reduced epicardial adipose tissue mass, while only resistance training reduced pericardial adipose tissue mass. These data highlight the potential preventive importance of different exercise modalities as means to reduce cardiac fat in individuals with abdominal obesity.

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The role of exercise combined with tocilizumab in visceral and epicardial adipose tissue and gastric emptying rate in abdominally obese participants: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Exercise Training and IL-6 Receptor Blockade on Gastric Emptying and GLP-1 Secretion in Obese Humans: Secondary Analyses From a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Effects of Exercise Training and IL-6 Receptor Blockade on Gastric Emptying and GLP-1 Secretion in Obese Humans: Secondary Analyses From a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: Focus on Immunometabolism

Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Cardiac Adipose Tissues

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