The role of exercise for weight loss and maintenance

Donnelly, Joseph E.; Smith, Bryan; Jacobsen, D. J.; Kirk, Erik P.; DuBose, Katrina D.; Hyder, Melissa L.; Bailey, Bruce W.; Washburn, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2004.06.022

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…With respect to self-management behaviours, it is unclear whether women improve their behaviours less than men or if they improve equally but experience less metabolic control improvement than men. Differences between men and women in terms of weight loss, which appeared infrequently in primary studies, could contribute to these differences [36][37][38]. It is possible that, compared with men, women do not achieve similar exercise intensities, decrease spontaneous activity to a greater extent when enrolled in exercise studies [39], experience smaller increases in resting metabolic rate, or experience smaller fitness gains [37,39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences between men and women in terms of weight loss, which appeared infrequently in primary studies, could contribute to these differences [36][37][38]. It is possible that, compared with men, women do not achieve similar exercise intensities, decrease spontaneous activity to a greater extent when enrolled in exercise studies [39], experience smaller increases in resting metabolic rate, or experience smaller fitness gains [37,39,40]. Differences between the sexes in diabetes disease characteristics have been reported but are not well understood [41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic effects of interventions to increase exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this meta-analysis was to integrate the results of primary research testing the effect of diabetes self-management interventions that included recommendations to increase exercise on metabolic outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods Extensive literature searching strategies were used to identify published and unpublished intervention studies that measured glycated haemoglobin outcomes. Primary study results were coded. Fixed-and random-effects meta-analytic procedures included moderator analyses.Results Data were synthesised across 10,455 subjects from 103 research reports. The overall mean weighted effect size for two-group comparisons was 0.29 (higher mean for treatment than control). This effect size is consistent with a difference in HbA 1c means of 0.45% (e.g. 7.38% for treatment subjects vs 7.83% for control subjects). For single-group studies, the overall mean weighted effect size was 0.32-0.34. Control group subjects experienced no improvement in metabolic control during participation in the studies. Interventions that targeted multiple health behaviours resulted in smaller effect size estimates (0.22) than interventions that focused only on exercise behaviours (0.45). Funded studies reported greater improvements in metabolic controls. Studies with a greater proportion of female subjects reported lower effect sizes. Baseline HbA 1c and BMI were unrelated to metabolic outcomes. Conclusions/interpretation These findings suggest that self-management interventions that include exercise recommendations improve metabolic control, despite considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude of the intervention effect. Interventions that emphasise exercise may be especially effective in improving metabolic control. Primary research testing interventions in randomised trials to confirm causal relationships would be constructive.Keywords Diabetes mellitus, type 2 . Exercise . Haemoglobin A, glycosylated . HbA 1c . Meta-analysis Abbreviations CLES common language effect size ES effect size GhB glycated haemoglobin Diabetologia (2007) 50:913-921

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic effects of interventions to increase exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2007

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“…In theory, resistance exercise could increase muscle mass, attenuating the loss of fat-free body mass and improving metabolic rate. However, available data do not show that resistance training alone or in combination with dietary changes typically enhances weight loss (28). Resistance exercise does produce other benefits, however, including improved body composition and strength and function in adults, including older adults.…”

Section: Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Weight Management Across the Lifespan

Goldberg

King

2007

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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This review discusses key findings and recommendations related to the role of physical activity in weight gain prevention, weight loss, and weight-loss maintenance across the lifespan. For weight gain prevention, epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that regular physical activity is critical, with increases above the recommended 30 min daily for health (e.g., to 45 to 60 min daily) potentially desirable for curtailing weight gain. For weight loss, clinical studies suggest that physical activity interventions alone usually produce only modest results. Combining physical activity with dietary interventions increases the chance of success, especially at higher levels of physical activity (e.g., 200 to 300 min or more weekly). For weightloss maintenance, high levels of physical activity (e.g., 40 to 90 min daily) may be necessary. To manage weight across the lifespan, a comprehensive approach to physical activity is needed supported by public policy interventions that help make physical activity a part of daily life.

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“…Present guidelines (7)(8)(9) advise that adults undertake moderate to vigorous PA for $150 min/wk, in sessions of $10 min (7,8). However, The American College of Sports Medicine recommended 200-300 min/wk for long-term weight loss (10). Current practice guidelines include recommendations that PA be undertaken for 30 min/d for most days of the week, increasing, when appropriate, to 60 min/d (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weekly physical activity frequency on weight loss in healthy overweight and obese women attending a weight loss program: a randomized controlled trial

Madjd

Taylor

Neek

et al. 2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. ABSTRACT Background: The effect of intensity and duration of physical activity (PA) on weight loss has been well described. However, the effect of the frequency of weekly PA on weight loss is still unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the frequency of weekly PA sessions while maintaining the same total activity time on weight loss during a 24-wk weight loss program. Design: Overweight and obese women [n = 75; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ): 27-37; age: 18-40 y] who had a normally sedentary lifestyle were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 intervention groups: a high-frequency physical activity (HF) or a low-frequency physical activity (LF) group. The HF group included 50 min/d PA, 6 d/wk (300 min/wk). The LF group included 100 min/d PA, 3 d/wk (300 min/wk). Both groups were advised to follow the same dietary weight loss program. Results: Both groups showed a significant decrease in anthropometric measurements and significant improvements in cardiometabolic disease risk characteristics over the 24 wk of the study. Compared with the HF group, the LF group had a greater decrease in weight (mean 6 SD; LF: 9.58 6 3.77 kg; HF: 7.78 6 2.68 kg; P = 0.028), BMI (LF: 3.62 6 1.56; HF: 2.97 6 1.02; P = 0.029) and waist circumference (LF: 9.36 6 4.02 cm; HF: 7.86 6 2.41 cm; P = 0.031). However, there were no significant differences in carbohydrate metabolism characteristics or lipid profile after the 24 wk of intervention. Conclusion: Weekly PA undertaken over fewer sessions of longer duration during the week could be more effective for weight loss than when undertaken as more frequent shorter sessions in overweight and obese women on a weight loss program. This may be helpful for those who are neither willing nor able to schedule time for PA almost every day to achieve weight loss. This trial was registered at www.irct.ir as IRCT201402157754N4.Am J Clin Nutr

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The role of exercise for weight loss and maintenance

Cited by 45 publications

References 94 publications

Metabolic effects of interventions to increase exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes

Metabolic effects of interventions to increase exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes

Physical Activity and Weight Management Across the Lifespan

Effect of weekly physical activity frequency on weight loss in healthy overweight and obese women attending a weight loss program: a randomized controlled trial

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