The Role of Exosomal microRNAs and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are aging-associated diseases with irreversible damage of brain tissue. Oxidative stress is commonly detected in neurodegenerative diseases and related to neuronal injury and pathological progress. Exosome, one of the extracellular vesicles, is demonstrated to carry microRNAs (miRNAs) and build up a cell-cell communication in neurons. Recent research has found that exosomal miRNAs regulate the activity of multiple physiological pathways, including the oxidative stress response, in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of exosomal miRNAs and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Firstly, we explore the relationship between oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Secondly, we introduce the characteristics of exosomes and roles of exosome-related miRNAs. Thirdly, we summarized the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Fourthly, we discuss the potential of exosomes to be a biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we summarize the advantages of exosome-based delivery and present situation of research on exosome-based delivery of therapeutic miRNA. Our work is aimed at probing and reinforcing the recognition of the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and providing the basis for novel strategies of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as New Remedy for the Treatment of Neurocognitive Disorders

“…Although the origin of AD remains unknown, several experimental studies indicate that exosomes distribute neurotoxic molecules between neuronal cells, playing a crucially important role in AD progression [ 22 ]. MSC-Exos may use the same pathways (gap junctions, synaptic transmission, endosomal/lysosomal secretion system) to deliver MSC-sourced neuroprotective and trophic factors in injured neurons, preventing AD progression [ 5 , 12 ].…”

Urinary MicroRNA96 as Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Detection

“…It has been proposed that miRNAs are helpful in this regard [16]. In the previous few years, collective exploration has shown the significant jobs of miRNAs in the advancement of BC [17].…”

“…MiR-96 has been accounted for to apply an oncogenic impact in non-little cell cellular breakdown in the lungs, esophageal malignancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, bosom disease [5]. The objective qualities of miR-96 incorporate the tumor silencer qualities FOXO1 and FOXO3a in bosom malignancy [19] and other approved focuses of miR-96 remember RECK for esophageal disease [18], EphrinA5 in Hepatocellular carcinoma [19], SAMD9 in non-little cell cellular breakdown in the lungs (NSCLC) [17].…”

Parkinson’s Disease: Potential Actions of Lithium by Targeting the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Glutamatergic Pathway

“…Numerous studies have shown an increase in oxidative stress (OS) in the emergence of PD [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. PD is characterized by mitochondrial dysregulation as evidenced by increased production and subsequent release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 30 ].…”