The role of exosomes in the promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis

Abstract

Introduction 3. The process of EMT 3.1. The epithelial phenotype 3.2. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 4. EMT and Metastasis 5. Extracellular vesicles 6. Exosomes 6.1. In vitro models of exosome-induced EMT and metastasis 6.2. In vivo models of exosome-induced EMT and metastasis 7. Exosomes Confer Therapy Resistance and Cancer Recurrence through Induction of EMT 7.1. Exosomes promote EMT-induced resistance to chemotherapy and radiation 7.2. Exosomes promote EMT-induced cancer recurrence 8. Liquid biopsy 8.1. CTCs and ctDNA 8.2. Exosomes 9. Conclusion 10. Acknowledgments 11. References

Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miR-3182 Detects Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

“…Delayed diagnosis is essentially a result of the asymptomatic nature of early stages, non-specific symptoms of late stages, as well as inadequate diagnostic tools [ 2 ]. Currently, the standard methods employed for cancer diagnosis are imaging technologies in conjunction with tissue biopsy [ 9 , 10 ]. However, imaging technologies have limited resolution and provide insufficient information on the lesion [ 9 ].…”

“…Inconclusive results generated by these diagnostic methods can lead to prolonged follow-up, contributing to diagnostic inaccuracy [ 11 ]. Liquid biopsies potentially provide greater advantages for the diagnosis of cancer as it allows non-invasive, easily accessible sampling and subsequent analysis of cancer biomarkers [ 10 ]. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential candidates for liquid biopsy in cancer detection.…”

“…The lipid bilayer membrane that encases sEV cargo confers high stability of intravesicular contents in the extracellular space, and protection from degradation [ 15 , 16 ]. The secretion of sEVs is an active process performed by all cells of the body and as a result, they are found in bodily fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, breast milk and ascites [ 10 , 15 , 16 ]. Molecular sEV cargo is composed of an assortment of lipids, proteins, DNA, mRNA and non-coding RNA, such as miRNA, some of which are differentially expressed between normal and cancer cells [ 5 , 10 ].…”

Circulating markers in metastatic cancer: new perspectives

“…Recent studies support the role of EVs in promoting cancer incidence, progression and organ-specific metastasis. The comprehensive review by Visan et al [1] covers the role of exosomes in EMT. In this article, the authors survey many aspects of EMT, metastasis, the mechanism of exosomemediated EMT and the role of exosomes in conferring therapy resistance [1].…”

“…The comprehensive review by Visan et al [1] covers the role of exosomes in EMT. In this article, the authors survey many aspects of EMT, metastasis, the mechanism of exosomemediated EMT and the role of exosomes in conferring therapy resistance [1]. The article by Carvalho et al [2] further discusses the potential of utilizing the EV proteome for biomarker profiling.…”