The role of exosomes on colorectal cancer: A review

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles released from cells, which are involved in many biological and pathological processes, mainly because of their role in intercellular communication. Exosomes derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are related to oncogenesis, tumor cell survival, chemo-resistance, and metastasis. The role of the exosomes in these processes involves the transfer of proteins, RNAs, or mutant versions of proto-oncogenes to the target cells. In recent years, great efforts have been made to identify useful biomarkers in CRC exosomes for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and treatment response. This review focuses on recent studies on CRC exosomes, considering isolation, cargo, biomarkers, and the effects of exosomes on the development and progression of CRC, including resistance to antitumor therapy.

Increased Extracellular Vesicles Mediate WNT5A Signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

“…These studies will need to consider the heterogeneity of the BALF samples (such as differential cell counts), include different ILDs, and allow adjustment for parameter as age and gender. Furthermore, it will be interesting to explore the potential role of EVs as blood biomarkers for ILDs (47), and other EV components such as DNA, mRNA or microRNAs that might contribute to disease (5,26,48).…”

Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer

“…EVs are actively involved in cell-to-cell communication, inflammation, chronic disease development and progression, pre-metastatic niche formation, and the metastatic organotropism of different tumor types [8]. Tumor-derived EVs (TEVs) have been reported to play major roles in the onset, progression, and metastasis of cancer, including ovarian [9], breast [10], colorectal [11,12], prostate cancer [13], and melanoma [14][15][16].…”

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer

“…Exosomes that are secreted by CRC cell lines in vitro or by tissues in vivo have several functions in cancer elicited by its content. They can promote tumor growth [64][65][66], immune evasion [67,68], angiogenesis [69][70][71], metastasis [69,[72][73][74][75][76], chemoresistance [76][77][78][79], and inducing endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in recipient cells [73,74,80,81] (Figure 1).…”