The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Demyelination of the Central Nervous System

López-Guerrero, José Antonio; Ripa, Inés; Andreu, Sabina; Bello-Morales, Raquel

doi:10.3390/ijms21239111

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 173 publications

(220 reference statements)

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“…The accumulating evidence in patients and animal models highlights the critical involvement of dysfunctional neuron–glia and glia–glia interactions in propelling neuroinflammation and the shift from a neuro-supportive to a neurodegenerative microenvironment. Moreover, in the last few years, several studies have highlighted how the modulation of glial cell reactivity and stimulation of OPC proliferation could help to re-shape a supportive microenvironment and contribute to tissue remodeling, ameliorating the symptomatology of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and demyelinating disorders (Pinto et al, 2018 ; Jeon et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2020 ; Lopez-Guerrero et al, 2020 ; Miyazaki and Asanuma, 2020 ; Shippy and Ulland, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery Platforms for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System

et al. 2021

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Glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) are emerging as key players in several physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are not only supportive cells that release trophic factors or regulate energy metabolism, but they also actively modulate critical neuronal processes and functions in the tripartite synapse. Microglia are defined as CNS-resident cells that provide immune surveillance; however, they also actively contribute to shaping the neuronal microenvironment by scavenging cell debris or regulating synaptogenesis and pruning. Given the many interconnected processes coordinated by glial cells, it is not surprising that both acute and chronic CNS insults not only cause neuronal damage but also trigger complex multifaceted responses, including neuroinflammation, which can critically contribute to the disease progression and worsening of symptoms in several neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, this makes glial cells excellent candidates for targeted therapies to treat CNS disorders. In recent years, the application of gene editing technologies has redefined therapeutic strategies to treat genetic and age-related neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based gene editing in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on the development of viral- and nanoparticle-based delivery methods for in vivo glial cell targeting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery Platforms for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, original evidence sustained an overall beneficial role of glia-derived EVs in neurodegenerative disorders since they were demonstrated to contribute to the clearance of damaged cells and pathological proteins. Conversely, more recent data suggest that under several pathological conditions EVs can contribute to spread neurodegenerative signals, as demonstrated in MS and other demyelinating diseases [105]. Thus, the role of EVs in brain disorders is extremely complex, as reviewed in [103], and, consequently, the strategies toward their possible therapeutic use face significant challenges.…”

Section: Glial Cells As Drugs Themselves: Administration Of Glia-deri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Glial Cells as Innovative Targets for the Therapy of Central Nervous System Pathologies

Magni,

Riboldi,

Ceruti

2024

Cells

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In vitro and preclinical in vivo research in the last 35 years has clearly highlighted the crucial physiopathological role of glial cells, namely astrocytes/microglia/oligodendrocytes and satellite glial cells/Schwann cells in the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively. Several possible pharmacological targets to various neurodegenerative disorders and painful conditions have therefore been successfully identified, including receptors and enzymes, and mediators of neuroinflammation. However, the translation of these promising data to a clinical setting is often hampered by both technical and biological difficulties, making it necessary to perform experiments on human cells and models of the various diseases. In this review we will, therefore, summarize the most relevant data on the contribution of glial cells to human pathologies and on their possible pharmacological modulation based on data obtained in post-mortem tissues and in iPSC-derived human brain cells and organoids. The possibility of an in vivo visualization of glia reaction to neuroinflammation in patients will be also discussed.

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“…The deep involvement of EVs in CNS physiology has been increasingly demonstrated in recent literature. EVs in CNS research have opened new perspectives and emerged as crucial players in neuron-glial communication, regulating the circulation of pathogenic factors, inflammation, cargo transport, neurotransmission, axonal integrity, and support neurons ( López-Guerrero et al, 2020 ). EVs are derived from all kinds of CNS cells, including neurons and non-neuronal glial cells, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, NG2 cells, RGCs, tanycytes, and pituicytes.…”

Section: Various Kinds Of Extracellular Vesicles In Glia-neuron Intra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glia-Neuron Intercellular Communication

Ahmad

Srivastava

Singh

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Cross talk between glia and neurons is crucial for a variety of biological functions, ranging from nervous system development, axonal conduction, synaptic transmission, neural circuit maturation, to homeostasis maintenance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which were initially described as cellular debris and were devoid of biological function, are now recognized as key components in cell-cell communication and play a critical role in glia-neuron communication. EVs transport the proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid cargo in intercellular communication, which alters target cells structurally and functionally. A better understanding of the roles of EVs in glia-neuron communication, both in physiological and pathological conditions, can aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and the development of new biomarkers. This review aims to demonstrate that different types of glia and neuronal cells secrete various types of EVs, resulting in specific functions in intercellular communications.

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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Demyelination of the Central Nervous System

Cited by 11 publications

References 173 publications

Delivery Platforms for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System

Delivery Platforms for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System

Human Glial Cells as Innovative Targets for the Therapy of Central Nervous System Pathologies

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Glia-Neuron Intercellular Communication

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