The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Senescence

Oh, Chaehwan; Koh, Dahyeon; Jeon, Hyeong Bin; Kim, Kyoung Mi

doi:10.14348/molcells.2022.0056

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The senescence phenotype is characterized by an aberrant secretome known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The components of the SASP include pro-inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic factors and extracellular vesicles [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. These factors released by senescent cells can act on the surrounding cells inducing secondary senescence [ 22 ], therefore contributing to the amplification and progression of the damage.…”

Section: Cellular Senescence In Biological Aging and Age-related Diso...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, Cellular Senescence and Chronic Kidney Diseases: What Is Missing in the Equation?

et al. 2023

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As life expectancy increases in many countries, the prevalence of age-related diseases also rises. Among these conditions, chronic kidney disease is predicted to become the second cause of death in some countries before the end of the century. An important problem with kidney diseases is the lack of biomarkers to detect early damage or to predict the progression to renal failure. In addition, current treatments only retard kidney disease progression, and better tools are needed. Preclinical research has shown the involvement of the activation of cellular senescence-related mechanisms in natural aging and kidney injury. Intensive research is searching for novel treatments for kidney diseases as well as for anti-aging therapies. In this sense, many experimental shreds of evidence support that treatment with vitamin D or its analogs can exert pleiotropic protective effects in kidney injury. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency has been described in patients with kidney diseases. Here, we review recent evidence about the relationship between vitamin D and kidney diseases, explaining the underlying mechanisms of the effect of vitamin D actions, with particular attention to the modulation of cellular senescence mechanisms.

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Section: Cellular Senescence In Biological Aging and Age-related Diso...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, Cellular Senescence and Chronic Kidney Diseases: What Is Missing in the Equation?

et al. 2023

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“…Abundant levels of circular RNAs are expressed in the CSF, although these are less diverse than those in the blood ( Wang et al, 2022 ); by contrast, much more diverse and higher levels of circular RNAs are expressed in the blood than in urine or saliva ( Bahn et al, 2015 ; Hutchins et al, 2021 ; Koh et al, 2014 ). Circular RNAs may also be secreted into body fluids through exosomes—one of the extracellular vesicles ( Oh et al, 2022 ; Wang et al, 2019 ). Changes in the type or composition of circular RNAs in exosomes can be representative of the pathophysiological states of some organs.…”

Section: Intracellular Circular Rnas As Biomarkers and Therapeutic Ta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNAs in and out of Cells: Therapeutic Usages of Circular RNAs

Son

Han

2023

Molecules and Cells

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RNAs are versatile molecules that are primarily involved in gene regulation and can thus be widely used to advance the fields of therapeutics and diagnostics. In particular, circular RNAs which are highly stable, have emerged as strong candidates for use on next-generation therapeutic platforms. Endogenous circular RNAs control gene regulatory networks by interacting with other biomolecules or through translation into polypeptides. Circular RNAs exhibit cell-type specific expression patterns, which can be altered in tissues and body fluids depending on pathophysiological conditions. Circular RNAs that are aberrantly expressed in diseases can function as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Moreover, exogenous circular RNAs synthesized in vitro can be introduced into cells as therapeutic molecules to modulate gene expression networks in vivo. Depending on the purpose, synthetic circular RNA sequences can either be identical to endogenous circular RNA sequences or artificially designed. In this review, we introduce the life cycle and known functions of intracellular circular RNAs. The current stage of endogenous circular RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets is also described. Finally, approaches and considerations that are important for applying the available knowledge on endogenous circular RNAs to design exogenous circular RNAs for therapeutic purposes are presented.

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“…Senescent cells positively impact health span, liver, and vascular tissue fibrosis, and wound healing [119,120]. However, if senescent cells are not cleared within days or weeks by innate immune cells, they accumulate and spread senescence to neighboring and distant cells, mostly via secretion of microRNA-containing vesicles with the consequence of a pro-fibrotic state and deficient tissue function in hypertrophic obesity mice [46,[121][122][123]. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia also drive the senescence of adipocytes or visceral fat macrophages in humans [91,124].…”

Section: Influx Of Immune Cells Into Obese Visceral Fat Inflammation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese visceral fat tissue inflammation: from protective to detrimental?

Kolb

2022

BMC Med

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Obesity usually is accompanied by inflammation of fat tissue, with a prominent role of visceral fat. Chronic inflammation in obese fat tissue is of a lower grade than acute immune activation for clearing the tissue from an infectious agent. It is the loss of adipocyte metabolic homeostasis that causes activation of resident immune cells for supporting tissue functions and regaining homeostasis. Initially, the excess influx of lipids and glucose in the context of overnutrition is met by adipocyte growth and proliferation. Eventual lipid overload of hypertrophic adipocytes leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and the secretion of a variety of signals causing increased sympathetic tone, lipolysis by adipocytes, lipid uptake by macrophages, matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune cell activation. Pro-inflammatory signaling of adipocytes causes the resident immune system to release increased amounts of pro-inflammatory and other mediators resulting in enhanced tissue-protective responses. With chronic overnutrition, these protective actions are insufficient, and death of adipocytes as well as senescence of several tissue cell types is seen. This structural damage causes the expression or release of immunostimulatory cell components resulting in influx and activation of monocytes and many other immune cell types, with a contribution of stromal cells. Matrix remodeling and angiogenesis is further intensified as well as possibly detrimental fibrosis. The accumulation of senescent cells also may be detrimental via eventual spread of senescence state from affected to neighboring cells by the release of microRNA-containing vesicles. Obese visceral fat inflammation can be viewed as an initially protective response in order to cope with excess ambient nutrients and restore tissue homeostasis but may contribute to tissue damage at a later stage.

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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Senescence

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

Vitamin D, Cellular Senescence and Chronic Kidney Diseases: What Is Missing in the Equation?

Vitamin D, Cellular Senescence and Chronic Kidney Diseases: What Is Missing in the Equation?

Circular RNAs in and out of Cells: Therapeutic Usages of Circular RNAs

Obese visceral fat tissue inflammation: from protective to detrimental?

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