The role of eye movements in perceiving vehicle speed and time-to-arrival at the roadside

Sudkamp, Jennifer; Bocian, Mateusz; Souto, David

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02412-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Also congruent with our previous results, triggering eye movements impairs the ability to make a correct street‐crossing decision. It is not surprising as eye movements have been previously found as involved in the accuracy of the TTC estimation (Bennett et al., 2010; Sudkamp et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Should I stay or should I go? The cerebral bases of street‐crossing decision

Baurès,

Leblond,

Dewailly

et al. 2023

J of Neuroscience Research

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An observer willing to cross a street must first estimate if the approaching cars offer enough time to safely complete the task. The brain areas supporting this perception, known as Time‐To‐Contact (TTC) perception, have been mainly studied through noninvasive correlational approaches. We carried out an experiment in which patients were tested during an awake brain surgery electrostimulation mapping to examine the causal implication of various brain areas in the street‐crossing decision process. Forty patients were tested in a gap acceptance task before their surgery to establish a baseline performance. The task was individually adapted upon this baseline level and carried out during their surgery. We acquired and normalized to MNI space the coordinates of the functional areas that influenced task performance. A total of 103 stimulation sites were tested, allowing to establish a large map of the areas involved in the street‐crossing decision. Multiple sites were found to impact the gap acceptance decision. A direct implication was however found mostly for sites within the right parietal lobe, while indirect implication was found for sites within the language, motor, or attentional networks. The right parietal lobe can be considered as causally influencing the gap acceptance decision. Other positive sites were all accompanied with dysfunction in other cognitive functions, and therefore should probably not be considered as the site of TTC estimation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Should I stay or should I go? The cerebral bases of street‐crossing decision

Baurès,

Leblond,

Dewailly

et al. 2023

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…The speed of this eye movement was 30° /s in terms of the visual angle, which is smaller than that of saccades (Arakawa 2017) and could not be captured by the criteria used in this data collection. This eye movement has been reported to be related to driving (Arakawa 2017;Sudkamp et al 2021), and future research on destination recognition within guide signs, including smooth-pursuit eye movements, is warranted.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 79%

Characteristics of eye movements and correlation to cognitive functions in relation to the location of guide signs and driving speed

Maeyama,

Okada,

Sawamura

2024

Preprint

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This study aimed to explore the relationship between eye movements and cognitive functions when recognizing destinations in guide signs using actual on-board videos and the effects of driving speed and location of guide signs on eye movements. Twenty-four participants were recruited. Attention and processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory, planning, and useful field of view (UFOV) were assessed as cognitive functions necessary for driving. Eye movements while recognizing the destination in guide signs (duration and number of fixations and amplitude and number of saccades) were measured using four conditions in on-board videos: slow/fast speed, front/left side. The results showed that cognitive functions correlated during in-front conditions at slow and fast speeds. At left-side guide signs, cognitive functions did not correlate, but correlated with age and driving experience. The results suggest that recognizing left-side guide signs required a higher skill, which depended more on the driver’s experience than on cognitive functions. In addition, of the four conditions, visual recognition of destinations in guide signs made more difficult with fast speeds and left-side locations. The increased load from left-side guide signs and faster speeds influenced eye movements. Thus, the location of the guide sign and the speed was shown to affect the difficulty in recognizing destinations within the guide signs.

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“…Historically, such speed definitions have often been subjectively determined by designers. To address this issue, the current study incorporated the concept of Just Noticeable Difference in Speed (JNDS) from psychophysics-commonly used to assess an observer's ability to discern differences in speed [6][7][8][9][10]. By establishing velocities according to the observer's JNDS thresholds within the situational map, it could be ensured that sequences of movement can be effectively differentiated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Movement Speed of Situational Map Symbols Based on User Dynamic Preference Perception

Tong,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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When designing situational maps, selecting distinct and visually comfortable movement speeds for dynamic elements is an ongoing challenge for designers. This study addresses this issue by conducting two experiments to measure the human eye’s ability to discern moving speeds on a screen and examines how symbol movement speeds within situational maps affect users’ subjective experiences, task performance, and visual comfort. The first experiment measured participants’ speed discrimination capabilities for Landolt Ring of varying sizes moving at 0–256°/s, yielding speed discrimination thresholds of 7–23% and a sensitive velocity range of 1–64°/s. The second experiment evaluated observers’ visual perceptions of moving elements within a cognitive task across the same range of 1–64°/s, identifying three significant benchmarks—8°/s, 16°/s, and 32°/s. These can be utilized to categorize slow-, moderate-, and fast-moving symbols in situational maps. The findings can aid in designing human–machine interface environments with improved viewer experience and visual comfort for both Air Traffic Control interfaces and situational maps.

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The role of eye movements in perceiving vehicle speed and time-to-arrival at the roadside

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Should I stay or should I go? The cerebral bases of street‐crossing decision

Should I stay or should I go? The cerebral bases of street‐crossing decision

Characteristics of eye movements and correlation to cognitive functions in relation to the location of guide signs and driving speed

Research on the Movement Speed of Situational Map Symbols Based on User Dynamic Preference Perception

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