The role of eye movements in manual interception: A mini-review

Fooken, Jolande; Kreyenmeier, Philipp; Spering, Miriam

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2021.02.007

Cited by 56 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Unlike previous studies showing a benefit for tracking 52 , in our study the target trajectory was predictable from exploiting the sensory input and the contribution of extra-retinal signals to speed estimates could have been less relevant 47 . This interpretation based on predictability of target motion 50 bodes well with studies in which timing performance with 3D trajectories was not affected by gaze strategies 33 , 48 or the moment at which the trajectory was seen as long as it was not too late to prepare the response 65 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Motion-in-depth effects on interceptive timing errors in an immersive environment

López‐Moliner

Malla

2021

Sci Rep

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We often need to interact with targets that move along arbitrary trajectories in the 3D scene. In these situations, information of parameters like speed, time-to-contact, or motion direction is required to solve a broad class of timing tasks (e.g., shooting, or interception). There is a large body of literature addressing how we estimate different parameters when objects move both in the fronto-parallel plane and in depth. However, we do not know to which extent the timing of interceptive actions is affected when motion-in-depth (MID) is involved. Unlike previous studies that have looked at the timing of interceptive actions using constant distances and fronto-parallel motion, we here use immersive virtual reality to look at how differences in the above-mentioned variables influence timing errors in a shooting task performed in a 3D environment. Participants had to shoot at targets that moved following different angles of approach with respect to the observer when those reached designated shooting locations. We recorded the shooting time, the temporal and spatial errors and the head’s position and orientation in two conditions that differed in the interval between the shot and the interception of the target’s path. Results show a consistent change in the temporal error across approaching angles: the larger the angle, the earlier the error. Interestingly, we also found different error patterns within a given angle that depended on whether participants tracked the whole target’s trajectory or only its end-point. These differences had larger impact when the target moved in depth and are consistent with underestimating motion-in-depth in the periphery. We conclude that the strategy participants use to track the target’s trajectory interacts with MID and affects timing performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In these studies, motion was predictable. One key factor for tracking the target to improve task performance seems to depend on the predictability of the target 50 . Pursuit would help estimate speed in cases where motion needs to be extrapolated after an occlusion before the moment of interest 51 , 52 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion-in-depth effects on interceptive timing errors in an immersive environment

López‐Moliner

Malla

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Indeed, as participants had some time to observe the object before it was occluded and reached the ground line, there might have been enough time for the slower parvocellular system to process all information and for both streams to interact. Moreover, to investigate the role of visual input for interception performance it might be advisable to include eye tracking in future studies, as recent interception studies suggest close associations between eye and hand movements and confirm the important role of eye movements on interception responses (de la Malla et al 2017 ; Fooken et al 2016 , 2021 ; Kreyenmeier et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of visual blur and contrast on spatial and temporal precision in manual interception

et al. 2021

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The visual system is said to be especially sensitive towards spatial but lesser so towards temporal information. To test this, in two experiments, we systematically reduced the acuity and contrast of a visual stimulus and examined the impact on spatial and temporal precision (and accuracy) in a manual interception task. In Experiment 1, we blurred a virtual, to-be-intercepted moving circle (ball). Participants were asked to indicate (i.e., finger tap) on a touchscreen where and when the virtual ball crossed a ground line. As a measure of spatial and temporal accuracy and precision, we analyzed the constant and variable errors, respectively. With increasing blur, the spatial and temporal variable error, as well as the spatial constant error increased, while the temporal constant error decreased. Because in the first experiment, blur was potentially confounded with contrast, in Experiment 2, we re-ran the experiment with one difference: instead of blur, we included five levels of contrast matched to the blur levels. We found no systematic effects of contrast. Our findings confirm that blurring vision decreases spatial precision and accuracy and that the effects were not mediated by concomitant changes in contrast. However, blurring vision also affected temporal precision and accuracy, thereby questioning the generalizability of the theoretical predictions to the applied interception task.

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“…Making predictions facilitates better information pickup 19 , helps to disambiguate the noise present in the environment and our neural system 20 , and assists perception and cognition by pre-sensitizing representations 17 , leading to faster recognition and interpretation of stimuli. The need for prediction is no more starkly illustrated than by the perceptual challenge of attempting to intercept a moving object, such as a tennis serve or baseball pitch 21 . Inherent visual processing delays mean that moving objects often cannot be monitored, and instead their future states must be predicted based on current states and internal models of likely trajectories [21][22][23] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for prediction is no more starkly illustrated than by the perceptual challenge of attempting to intercept a moving object, such as a tennis serve or baseball pitch 21 . Inherent visual processing delays mean that moving objects often cannot be monitored, and instead their future states must be predicted based on current states and internal models of likely trajectories [21][22][23] . This is the challenge that faces elite athletes and has driven research interest into superior anticipation in time-constrained tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

An active inference account of skilled anticipation in sport

Harris¹,

Arthur²,

Broadbent³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Optimal performance in time-constrained and dynamically changing environments depends on making reliable predictions about future outcomes. In sporting tasks, performers have been found to employ multiple information sources to maximize the accuracy of their predictions, but questions remain about how different information sources are weighted and integrated to guide anticipation. In this paper, we outline how active inference, a unifying account of perception and action, explains many of the prominent findings in the sports anticipation literature. Active inference proposes that perception and action are underpinned by the need to minimize prediction errors and optimise a predictive model of the world. To this end, decision making approximates Bayesian inference and actions are used to minimize future prediction errors. Using a series of Bayesian neurocomputational models based on a partially observable Markov process, we demonstrate that key findings from the literature can be recreated from the first principles of active inference. In doing so, we formulate a number of novel, empirically falsifiable hypotheses about human anticipation capabilities which could guide future investigations in the field.

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The role of eye movements in manual interception: A mini-review

Cited by 56 publications

References 103 publications

Motion-in-depth effects on interceptive timing errors in an immersive environment

Motion-in-depth effects on interceptive timing errors in an immersive environment

Effects of visual blur and contrast on spatial and temporal precision in manual interception

An active inference account of skilled anticipation in sport

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