The Role of Farm Environment and Management in Shaping the Gut Microbiota of Poultry

Carrasco, Juan María Díaz; Redondo, Leandro M.; Casanova, Natalia A.; Fernández‐Miyakawa, Mariano E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90303-9_10

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Intestinal microbiota is closely related to various physiological functions such as growth performance, metabolism and immunity in poultry ( Díaz Carrasco et al, 2022 ). And we previously summarized that plant-derived polysaccharides could regulate intestinal health by improving intestinal microbial barrier ( Guo et al, 2022b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemisia annua L. polysaccharide improves the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli

Guo,

Shi,

Xing

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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With the high intensification of poultry breeding, a series of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria threaten the health of poultry and human. Among them, poultry diseases induced by Escherichia coli cause significant economic loss every year. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Artemisia annua L. polysaccharide (AAP) on the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of broilers with Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge. A total of 256 one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: control group (fed basal diet), AAP group (fed basal diet supplemented with AAP), E. coli group (fed basal diet and orally administered E. coli), AAP + E. coli group (fed basal diet supplemented with AAP and orally administered E. coli). Dietary AAP supplementation elevated the BW, ADG and ADFI in non-challenged broilers. AAP also increased the apparent metabolic rate of EE and Ca in E. coli-challenged broilers. Moreover, AAP not only enhanced the serum IgA content but also decreased the serum and jejunum content of IL-6, as well as the jejunum level of IL-1β in non-challenged broilers. AAP also down-regulates the mRNA level of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by inhibiting the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in intestinal NF-κB signaling pathway of E. coli-challenged broilers. Meanwhile, AAP up-regulates the activity and mRNA level CAT by down-regulating the mRNA level of Keap1 in intestinal Nrf2 signaling pathway of E. coli-challenged broilers, and decreased serum MDA concentration. AAP significantly elevated the mRNA level of CAT, SOD and Nrf2 in jejunal of non-challenged broilers. Interestingly, AAP can improve intestinal physical barrier by down-regulating serum ET content, increasing the jejunal villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) and ZO-1 mRNA level in broilers challenged by E. coli. AAP also elevated the VH/CD and the mRNA level of Occludin, ZO-1, Mucin-2 in non-challenged broilers. Importantly, AAP reshaped the balance of jejunum microbiota in E. coli-challenged broilers by altering α diversity and community composition. In summary, AAP ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broilers challenged with E. coli, probably by regulating the intestinal permeability and mucosa morphology, immune function, antioxidant ability, and microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemisia annua L. polysaccharide improves the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli

Guo,

Shi,

Xing

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The results show that the type of rearing system has a significant impact on both the birds and their environment. The broiler production system can alter the taxonomic composition of the microbiome in commercial and backyard poultry farms by promoting certain microbial groups while suppressing others (Díaz Carrasco et al, 2022a). In commercial settings, modern management practices such as proper sanitation, cleaning, disinfection protocols, and vaccination use have drastically reduced or eliminated many species of commensal bacteria traditionally associated with chickens, leading to a decrease in biodiversity and an increased prevalence of avian pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella (Davies & Wales, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, some beneficial microbes which are involved in nutrient utilization or immune modulation have been found to be enriched through these measures (Fan et al, 2022). Backyard flocks usually keep a more diverse microbiota compared to intensively reared flocks due to fewer sanitary interventions; however, this diversity is still influenced by farm size and environmental conditions (Díaz Carrasco et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering Changes in Microbiome Profiles Across Commercial and Backyard Poultry Farming Systems

Muyyarikkandy

Parzygnat

Thakur

2022

Preprint

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Environmental health and microbiome can affect poultry production in a variety of ways. Poor environmental conditions can lead to increased stress, disease, and mortality in poultry, resulting in reduced production. Poor environmental conditions can also reduce the diversity of microbial populations in the poultry microbiome, which can lead to an increased risk of disease and reduced production. Finally, microorganisms in the environment can be introduced to the poultry microbiome, which can increase the risk of disease and reduce production. Additionally, poultry production can have significant impacts on the environmental microbiome. Poultry farming can alter soil and water microbiomes through pollution from manure and other agricultural runoff. These changes can lead to increased concentrations of certain microbes as well as an altered balance between beneficial microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the changes in the microbiome profiles of commercial and backyard broiler farming systems at different time points. To explore the microbiome profiles, fecal, soil, litter samples, and swabs from feeders and waterers were collected three times over the production period from a single flock. Each backyard farm was sampled at three time points: 10, 31, and 52 days of production and days 10, 24, and 38 of production in commercial farms. Statistical and network analyses were performed using DADA2 and MicrobiomeAnalyst platforms. Our results show marked differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and relative abundance of taxa between commercial and backyard farms over time. The observed species index significantly differed between the backyard and commercial farms for the soil, litter, and waterer samples. In addition, the fecal samples from backyard farms were found to have more Firmicutes, Bacteriodota, Desulfobacteria, Synergitota, Fusobacteriota, and Campilobacterota. Moreover, clustering showed different patterns in commercial and backyard farms with distinct marker taxa for each production system. Furthermore, the microbiome profiles of commercial and backyard farms evolved differently over time.

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“…Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are well adapted to the ecological niche of the avian gut; for effective control strategies, these organisms need to be better understood within poultry systems [26] . The vulnerability of the chicken gut to pathogen colonisation is linked to the changing gut microbiota influenced by microorganisms originating from artificial farming environments, which are a feature of modern poultry farming [27] . Microbial succession in the chicken gut plays a contributory role towards Campylobacter emergence [28] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broiler farming practices using new or re-used bedding, inclusive of free-range, have no impact on Campylobacter levels, species diversity, Campylobacter community profiles and Campylobacter bacteriophages

Chinivasagam,

Estella,

Finn

et al. 2024

AIMSMICRO

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<abstract> A multi-stage option to address food-safety can be produced by a clearer understanding of <italic>Campylobacter</italic>'s persistence through the broiler production chain, its environmental niche and its interaction with bacteriophages. This study addressed <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels, species, genotype, bacteriophage composition/ levels in caeca, litter, soil and carcasses across commercial broiler farming practices to inform on-farm management, including interventions. Broilers were sequentially collected as per company slaughter schedules over two-years from 17 farms, which represented four commercially adopted farming practices, prior to the final bird removal (days 39–53). The practices were conventional full clean-out, conventional litter re-use, free-range–full cleanout and free-range–litter re-use. Caeca, litter and soil collected on-farm, and representative carcases collected at the processing plant, were tested for <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels, species dominance and <italic>Campylobacter</italic> bacteriophages. General community profiling via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the <italic>flaA</italic> gene was used to establish the population relationships between various farming practices on representative <italic>Campylobacter</italic> isolates. The farming practice choices did not influence the high caeca <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels (log 7.5 to log 8.5 CFU/g), the carcass levels (log 2.5 to log 3.2 CFU/carcass), the <italic>C. jejuni</italic>/<italic>C. coli</italic> dominance and the on-farm bacteriophage presence/levels. A principal coordinate analysis of the <italic>flaA</italic> distribution for farm and litter practices showed strong separation but no obvious farming practice related grouping of <italic>Campylobacter</italic>. Bacteriophages originated from select farms, were not practice-dependent, and were detected in the environment (litter) only if present in the birds (caeca). This multifaceted study showed no influence of farming practices on on-farm <italic>Campylobacter</italic> dynamics. The significance of this study means that a unified on-farm risk-management could be adopted irrespective of commercial practice choices to collectively address caeca <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels, as well as the potential to include <italic>Campylobacter</italic> bacteriophage biocontrol. The impact of this study means that there are no constraints in re-using bedding or adopting free-range farming, thus contributing to environmentally sustainable (re-use) and emerging (free-range) broiler farming choices. </abstract>

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The Role of Farm Environment and Management in Shaping the Gut Microbiota of Poultry

Cited by 4 publications

References 189 publications

Artemisia annua L. polysaccharide improves the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli

Artemisia annua L. polysaccharide improves the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli

Uncovering Changes in Microbiome Profiles Across Commercial and Backyard Poultry Farming Systems

Broiler farming practices using new or re-used bedding, inclusive of free-range, have no impact on <i>Campylobacter</i> levels, species diversity, <i>Campylobacter</i> community profiles and <i>Campylobacter</i> bacteriophages

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