The role of fasting on spine regeneration and bacteremia in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Abstract

Fasting has been shown to increase longevity and alter immune function in a variety of animals, but little is understood about how reduced caloric intake may impact regeneration and infections in animals that must regularly repair and regenerate tissue in marine environments that contain high levels of bacteria. We examined the possibility that fasting could enhance spine regeneration and reduce bacteremia in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. A small number of spines were removed from urchins and rates of spine regrowth and levels of culturable bacteria from the coelomic fluid were measured for 21 days in fed and fasted urchins. Fasted urchins had higher rates of spine regrowth and lower levels of colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter of coeolomic fluid. The predominant bacteria in the coelomic fluid was isolated and identified by DNA sequence-based methods as Vibrio cyclitrophicus. After 21 days, fasted and fed urchins were injected with V. cyclitrophicus. Two hours after injection, fed urchins had about 25% more culturable bacteria remaining in their coelomic fluid compared to fasted urchins. We found no evidence that fasting altered coelomic fluid cell number or righting response, indicators of physiologic and behavioral stress in urchins. Our results demonstrate that V. cyclitrophicus is present in purple urchin coelomic fluid, that fasting can increase spine regeneration and that fasted urchins have much lower levels of culturable bacteria in their coelomic fluid than fed urchins. Overall, our data suggests that fasting may ultimately reduce bacteremia and infection in injured or damaged urchins.

Chemical and Anti-Nutritional of Two Kidney Bean after Soaking, Boiling Processing and Sensory Evaluation of their Produced Burger

“…With regard to the carbohydrate content the data showed the percentages were 72.94 and 64.07 g/100g in raw of white and red kidney beans. The carbohydrate value observed in this study is in conformity with the value of 60.65 g /100g that reported by Sasanam et al (2011) in red kidney bean and values of 58.64 g /100g for dark red kidney bean (Scholnick &Winslow, 2020). The percentages of moisture content were 9.95 and 8.03 g/100g in raw of white and red kidney beans.…”

The Role of the Microbiota in Regeneration-Associated Processes

“…These organic compounds produced by symbionts are potentially used as energy to promote growth and regeneration (Kelly et al, 1995). In another echinoderm species, the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, studies have also suggested that fasting reduces bacteremia in the coelomic fluid and increases spine regeneration (Scholnick and Winslow, 2020).…”