The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility

Brenes-Soto, Andrea; Tye, Marc; Esmail, Michael

doi:10.1093/ilar/ilaa006

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…However, the health and welfare of zebrafish in trials are influenced by supply of nutritionally adequate and biologically safe diets [2,3]. In fact, develop standard diets, as stablished to rodents for example, has been appointed as key factor to consolidate D. rerio as vertebrate biological model guarantying the repeatability of studies among various laboratories [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crude Lipid Levels in Semi-Purified Diets for Zebrafish

Tavares,

Moesch,

Santos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Zebrafish is a popular vertebrate model with limited knowledge of nutritional requirements and no established standard diets for scientific purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the inclusion range of lipids in semi-purified diets for zebrafish. Five isonitrogenous casein-gelatin based diets were formulated to contain 0.55%, 4.87%, 7.65%, 10.65%, and 13.94% of crude lipid (CL). Zebrafish (initial weight ± 232 mg) were distributed in 3 L aquaria in a recirculating water system in a completely randomized design (n=3). Fish were hand-fed twice daily to apparent satiety for 40 days. Weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein productive value of zebrafish increased signifi-cantly (P < 0.05) as CL increased up to 6.5, 8.3, and 8.6%, respectively, and decreased after this point. Survival of fish fed diets containing 0.55% CL was lower (P<0.05) than that of fish fed diets con-taining 4.87% to 13.94% CL. Body fat and adipocytes diameter of fish increased (P<0.05) increasing dietary CL levels. In conclusion, the ideal lipid level in semi-purified diets for zebrafish is between 6.5% and 8.6% of the diet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crude Lipid Levels in Semi-Purified Diets for Zebrafish

Tavares,

Moesch,

Santos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…However, protein deficiency, characterized by LP intake, weakens the immune system and aggravates inflammatory diseases ( 3 – 5 ). The nutritional therapeutic strategy has been considered to be an effective approach for improving growth and intestinal health ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Protein Diets Supplemented With Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhance the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Health in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Fan

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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To investigate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation in a low protein (LP) diet on the growth performance, immune response, and intestinal health of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 600 carp were randomly divided into five dietary groups: a normal protein (NP) diet containing 32% crude protein, an LP diet formulated with 28% crude protein, and LP with AKG at 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% (dry matter). After an 8-week trial period, the results demonstrated that an LP diet led to a decrease in performance, immune response, and intestinal barrier function. Compared with the LP group, the final body weight and weight gain rate in the LP+0.4% AKG group were significantly higher, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased with the addition of 0.4% and 0.8% AKG. The supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% AKG markedly increased the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px, as well as the expression levels of GPX1a and GPX1b relative to the LP group, whereas the MDA content was significantly decreased in the LP+0.4% AKG group. In addition, the expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-3, claudin-7, ZO-1, and MLCK were significantly up-regulated in the LP+0.4% AKG group, and the relative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6α were significantly lower with the addition of 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2% AKG. Moreover, the abundance of Proteobacteria in the LP+0.4% AKG group was lower than that in the LP group, and the abundance of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria was higher at the phylum level. The abundance of Citrobacter in the LP+0.4% AKG group was decreased compared to the LP group, while the abundance of Aeromonas was increased at the genus level. In short, the effects of AKG on the intestinal health of the common carp were systematically and comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of intestinal physical barrier, chemical barrier, biological barrier, and immune barrier. We found that an LP diet supplemented with 0.4% AKG was beneficial to the growth performance and intestinal health of common carp.

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Investigations on Xenopus laevis body composition and feeding behavior in a laboratory setting

Böswald,

Matzek,

von La Roche

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has been used as a laboratory animal for decades in many research areas. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the nutritional physiology of this amphibian species and the feeding regimen is not standardized. The aim of the present study was to get more insights into the nutrient metabolism and feeding behavior of the frogs. In Trial 1, adult female X. laevis were fed either a Xenopus diet or a fish feed. After 4 weeks, they were euthanized, weighed, measured for morphometrics and dissected for organ weights and whole-body nutrient analysis. There were no significant differences between the diet groups regarding the allometric data and nutrient contents. The ovary was the major determinant of body weight. Body fat content increased with body weight as indicator of energy reserves. In Trial 2, 40 adult female frogs were monitored with a specifically developed digital tracking system to generate heat-maps of their activity before and up to 25 min after a meal. Three diets (floating, sinking, floating & sinking) were used. The main feed intake activity was fanning the feed into the mouth, peaking until 20 min after the meal. The different swimming characteristics of the diets thereby influenced the activity of the animals. Our dataset helps to adjust the feeding needs to the physical composition and also to meet the natural behavioral patterns of feed intake as a prerequisite of animal wellbeing and animal welfare in a laboratory setting.

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The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility

Cited by 6 publications

References 236 publications

Crude Lipid Levels in Semi-Purified Diets for Zebrafish

Crude Lipid Levels in Semi-Purified Diets for Zebrafish

Low Protein Diets Supplemented With Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhance the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Health in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Investigations on Xenopus laevis body composition and feeding behavior in a laboratory setting

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