“…Moreover, studies on the work of mid-central and district-level authorities regarding data use typically highlight the variations in different schools' approaches towards data use (Jimerson, 2016). Examples include whether a data use policy exists and, if so, whether data use is a prioritised, supported or coerced activity by local school authorities (Kerr et al, 2006;Miller, 2010;Quintelier et al, 2020). Researchers also focus on how different local and organisational cultures frame, foster or hinder data use in schools; for example, studies have explored how a high degree of coerciveness linked to control weakens the development of productive organisational data use cultures (Herzog-Punzenberger et al, 2020;Wayman et al, 2012;Young, 2006;Young & Kim, 2010;).…”