The Role of Femoral Head Size and Femoral Head Coverage in Dogs with and without Hip Dysplasia

Pilli, Mehmet; Intaş, Deniz Seyrek; Etikan, İlker; Yigitgor, Pelin; Krämer, Martin; Tellhelm, Bernd; Pückler, Kerstin von

doi:10.3390/vetsci10020120

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Alterations in the shape and depth of the acetabulum, the shape of the femoral head and neck, and the size of the Norberg angle are primary signs; osteophytic formations and exostosis are secondary signs. Both signs have been well described in previous reports [ 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The main aim of this study was to describe the changes in primary radiographic signs between the FCI grades of dysplasia: non-dysplastic (FCI-A), near-normal (FCI-B), and mildly dysplastic (FCI-C) hips of dogs belonging to five different breeds.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds

Pinna

Vezzoni²,

Benedetto

et al. 2023

Animals

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The aim of this retrospective study was to verify whether the radiographic morphologic differences detected within the first three grades of hip dysplasia (A, B, C) of each of the five selected breeds and within the same breeds were statistically significant enough to require a breed-specific evaluation. A total of 422 technical evaluation forms of hip dysplasia (HD) in Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain dogs, and German Shepherd dogs were obtained from the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) archive. The data were evaluated using a descriptive statistical analysis. In Labrador Retrievers, the craniolateral acetabular rim and femoral head position were already altered in unaffected dogs; however, within the various FCI grades, the most severe changes involved the conformation of the femoral neck. All the radiographic parameters of the Golden Retriever hips changed progressively and evenly. Significant radiographic changes between FCI grades were found in the German Shepherd dogs, and the alterations involving the acetabulum were more severe and appeared earlier than in the femoral head and neck. In the Bernese Mountain dogs, the most severe alterations were in the position of the femoral head and joint space while the femoral head and neck showed no significant progression between grades. All the radiographic parameters of non-dysplastic Rottweilers were normal; however, the progression of the primary signs was similar to the other breeds, although with lower severity. In conclusion, no significant prevalence of the radiographic features was observed for any specific breed. However, significant individual breed variations in the primary radiographic parameters were found between dogs with and without dysplasia which could be useful for better understanding the consequences of biomechanical differences between breeds.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds

Pinna

Vezzoni²,

Benedetto

et al. 2023

Animals

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Morphometric characterization of normal and dysplastic canine coxofemoral joint using radiography, and 3D printed models

Gebriel,

Mostafa,

Tolba

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: The present study aimed to differentiate between normal and dysplastic canine coxofemoral joints by assessing the corresponding bone specimens and digital X-rays moreover, our study provides a substitute teaching strategy using 3D-printed models of canine coxofemoral joints. This work was conducted on twenty-eight mixed breed dogs, sixteen dogs were used for bone preparation samples by boiling method, then these bones were scanned to create relatively identical 3D printed models. twelve dogs were anesthetized for the radiological study. An extended ventrodorsally radiograph of the coxofemoral joint was obtained to calculate the Norberg angle, Centre-edge angle, and dorsal acetabular femoral head coverage width and area indices. Results: The study's results illustrated the normal conformational anatomic criteria associated with healthy coxofemoral joints versus dysplastic joints in both bone specimens and 3D-printed models. In a normal joint, the coxofemoral articulation was congruent and smoothly margined with the acetabulum being deep and the femoral head being hemispherical. However, the dysplastic coxofemoral joint showed shallow acetabular fossa and a deformed, flattened femoral head with associated osseous proliferation and joint incongruity. The Norberg angle, Centre-edge angle, dorsal acetabular femoral head coverage width, and area indices differed significantly between normal and dysplastic joints. In normal coxofemoral joints, the mean ± (standard deviation) SD value of the Norberg angle was 115.5± 3.05 a, and the Centre-edge angle was 32.57± 3.54 a. The indices of dorsal acetabular femoral head coverage area and width were 52.94± 3.41 a, and 58.32± 5.33 arespectively. Conclusion: Finally, this work presented alternative teaching models (3d printing) that play an important role in the veterinary field and assist in the understanding of the normal structure and dysplastic state of canine coxofemoral joint. Also, some parameters were measured in x-rays of normal and dysplastic coxofemoral joint to detect hip dysplasia, which helps exclude the highly diseased dogs before breeding.

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The Role of Femoral Head Size and Femoral Head Coverage in Dogs with and without Hip Dysplasia

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds

Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds

Morphometric characterization of normal and dysplastic canine coxofemoral joint using radiography, and 3D printed models

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