“…That managers take actions to facilitate intangibles investments against the background of near‐term performance pressures is supported, for example, by Connelly, Hoskisson, Tihanyi, and Certo (), who reported that companies such as Coca‐Cola regularly communicate about intangible investments to investors, enabling investors to more accurately forecast company performance, and that such companies have been reducing the frequency of their earnings reports, seeking to attract investors with longer‐term interests. Similarly, a study of investor relations at Siemens described the firm's communication with investors and securities analysts (capital market mediators who recommend stock to investors), efforts of managers to explain their decisions and how they expect them to affect company performance in the near and longer term, and the challenges that managers face in taking actions they deem necessary while they are not always compatible with expectations in the capital market (zu Knyphausen‐Aufseß, Mirow, & Schweizer, ). More generally, it has been established that managers are important information sources for securities analysts (Chen & Matsumoto, ; Kuperman, ; Lev, ; Ramnath, Rock, & Shane, ).…”