The role of flavonoids in the prevention and management of cardiovascular complications: a narrative review

Abstract

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading cause of death, affecting an estimated 17.9 million people. CVDs have been the primary risk factor for mortality in developed countries. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, psychological stressors, insufficient vegetable and fruit intake could significantly alleviate the burden of disease. The present review sought to document the antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-anginal, and anti-infarction effects of flavonoids.Background: Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of death worldwide, affecting an estimated 17.9 million individuals. Strokes and heart attacks account for 4 out of every 5 deaths caused by cardiovascular disorders. Physical activity protects against a variety of chronic conditions at any age. A demographic program combined with a high-risk CVD prevention approach could dramatically minimize the disease burden in the coming years. By controlling weight and improving the body's use of insulin, physical activity decreases the risk of CVDs. Tobacco and smoking are other modifiable factors associated with the progression of cardiovascular disorders. Abnormal blood lipids are also linked to dietary habits.Daily flavonoid consumption is linked to a lower risk of heart disease. Flavonoids have been the subject of significant interest by experts in recent times due to wide spectrum of possible benefits they provide. polyphenolic compounds can be useful as adjunctive therapy for the management and cure of inflammatory diseases.Methods: Literature related to cardiovascular effects of flavonoids was assessed on important database like PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect. The outcomes of various studies were documented.Conclusions: Flavonoids are fairly soluble in physiological media and thus are a potential candidate for the possible management of cardiovascular and associated disorders. Alleviating the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species using anti-oxidant-rich flavonoids could lower the chances of platelet hyperactivation, heart disease, discomfort, and fibrosis. Flavonoid intake on a daily basis has been linked to a lower risk of heart failure. Polyphenolic compounds have the ability to be used as an adjunctive therapy in the prevention and control of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Flavonoids have a role in the management of coagulation disorders.

Possible Side Effects of Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Medicines

“…Polyphenols, due to their antioxidant, anti-platelet, and anti-inflammatory properties, can prevent or reduce the symptoms of various metabolic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (which includes type 2 diabetes mellitus, central and abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidaemia) [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ], as well as cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke) [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. Polyphenols inhibit LDL oxidation and increase HDL, improving endothelial function [ 62 ], reduce blood pressure [ 63 ], and improve the glucose homeostasis [ 64 ].…”

Tangeretin-a special polymethoxyflavones: An insight into its pharmacological and therapeutic effects on diabetes

“…Due to their fundamental polyphenolic structure, which consists of two benzene rings connected by an oxygenated heterocyclic ring, flavonoids are categorized as phenolic substances. By directly interacting with proteins like important cellular receptors or signaling processes, flavonoids can influence a wide range of activities in different cells and organs [11,12]. Thus, identifying such kind of flavonoid compounds or their derivatives that can be effective for the treatment of diabetes is one important growing area of scientific studies and a crucial part of phytochemistry and natural product research.…”

Vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of an ethanolic extract of Nymphaea pubescens and its main compound quercetin 3-methyl ether 3′-O-β-xylopyranoside

“…Of note, our previous work revealed that the main compound of an ethanolic extract of flowers from N. pubescens is a quercetin derivative, quercetin 3-methyl ether 3′-O- β -xylopyranoside ( Panklai et al, 2022 ; Panklai et al, 2023 ). As quercetin is well-known to induce vasorelaxant effects through NO-dependent effects ( Maaliki et al, 2019 ; Ciumărnean et al, 2020 ; Chen and Zhang, 2021 ; Grosso et al, 2022 ), this main compound might contribute to a positive endothelial effect in N. pubescens .…”