The Role of Flexibility in Personal Space Preferences

Smith, Karen E.; Faig, Kelly E.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1997-14.2014

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several behavioral studies also reported similarities between reaching and comfort spaces that may reflect, albeit to different degrees, common sensorimotor mechanisms when combined with the processing of the social-emotional valence of stimuli (e.g., [ 5 , 31 ]). Studies in virtual (e.g., [ 5 , 31 , 32 ]) and real-world [ 33 ] contexts compared the sizes of reaching (i.e., distance at which people perceive a stimulus as reachable) and comfort (i.e., distance people prefer from other persons) distances in different approach conditions (see [ 1 , 2 , 6 , 7 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]). Overall, the size of both spaces was similarly modulated by the socio-emotional context: reduced in the interaction with humans compared to with objects [ 5 , 31 , 33 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Context and Tool Use Can Modulate Interpersonal Comfort Space

Ferrara

Rapuano

Ruggiero

2023

JCM

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Recent research has investigated whether the representation of space around the body, in terms of reach–action (imagining of reaching another person) and comfort–social (tolerance of the other’s proximity) spaces, may reflect a shared sensorimotor basis. Some studies exploiting motor plasticity induced by tool use have not observed sensorimotor identity (i.e., the same mechanisms that underlie, based on sensory information, the representation of proximal space in terms of action possibilities, goal-directed motor actions, and anticipation of the sensorimotor consequences), whereas evidence to the contrary has also emerged. Since the data are not fully convergent, here we wondered whether or not the combination of motor plasticity induced by tool use and the processing of the role of social context might reflect a similar modulation in both spaces. To this end, we conducted a randomized control trial with three groups of participants (N = 62) in which reaching and comfort distances were measured in Pre- and Post-tool-use sessions. The tool-use sessions were conducted under different conditions: (i) in the presence of a social stimulus (determining the social context) (Tool plus Mannequin group); (ii) without any stimulus (Only Tool group); (iii) in the presence of a box (Tool plus Object group) as a control condition. Results showed an extension of comfort distance in the Post-tool session of the Tool plus Mannequin group compared with the other conditions. Conversely, the reaching distance was larger after tool use than at the Pre-tool-use session, independently of the experimental conditions. Our findings suggest that motor plasticity impacts reaching and comfort spaces to different degrees; while reaching space is markedly sensitive to motor plasticity, comfort space needs qualification of social context information.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Context and Tool Use Can Modulate Interpersonal Comfort Space

Ferrara

Rapuano

Ruggiero

2023

JCM

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“…S obzirom da je potreba za osobni prostorom prisutna isključivo kada smo u interakciji s drugim ljudima, neki autori kritiziraju pojam osobni prostor i preferiraju pojam međuljudski prostor (Aiello, 1987). Smith i Faig (2014) sugeriraju da osobni prostor nije stabilan, već da je pod utjecajem prethodnih iskustava, djelomično određen socijalnim kontekstom te vrlo dinamičan i fleksibilan. Dosadašnja istraživanja propusnosti osobnog prostora koja su nastojala povezati stupanj nelagode s blizinom druge osobe pokazala su da nelagoda proporcionalno raste kako se udaljenost od druge osobe smanjuje (Hayduk, 1981b).…”

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2016

Klin psihol

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Osobni prostor se definira kao područje koje pojedinac održava oko sebe i u koji drugi ne mogu ući, a da ne izazovu nelagodu. Cilj istraživanja je bio ispitati veličinu osobnog prostora s obzirom na spol sudionika i nepoznate osobe koja ulazi u osobni prostor te ispitati povezanost veličine osobnog prostora i stupnja anksioznosti kao osobine ličnosti. Veličina osobnog prostora izmjerena je pomoću tehnike zaustavljanja u kojoj se svakom sudioniku/-ici (N = 145) približavala nepoznata osoba muškog i ženskog spola iz četiri različita smjera (sprijeda, straga, slijeva i zdesna), a zadatak sudionika je bio da kaže "stop" u trenutku kad osjeti nelagodu zbog njene blizine. Anksioznost kao osobina ličnosti izmjerena je pomoću Upitnika anksioznosti kao stanja i osobine ličnosti (STAI). Rezultati su pokazali da se prosječna udaljenost između sudionika i nepoznate osobe kreće između 70 i 80 cm i za sudionice i za sudionike. Utvrđeno je da se žene i muškarci ne razlikuju značajno u veličini osobnog prostora, te da nema značajnih razlika niti s obzirom na spol osobe s kojom su u interakciji. S obzirom na to da je utvrđena značajna pozitivna povezanost između stupnja anksioznosti kao osobine ličnosti i veličine osobnog prostora, zaključci su sukladni očekivanjima te rezultatima dosadašnjih istraživanja.

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