The role of gaseous detonation products in explosions in granular media

Abstract

loss of AN from the charge in two months did not exceed 5%. Tests on the above compositions charged under a separating layer revealed that in this case the AN loss is reduced to a minimum. CONCLUSIONS 1. Of the thickening agents used at present to gelatinize water-filled aluminized compositions, apart from starch and cereal flour, the best results from the viewpoint of charge stabilization in water-laden boreholes are obtained by adding polyacrylamide (PAA). The use of chrome potassium alum (CPA) or chromium sulfate as cross-linking agent in combination with PAA improves the stability of the charge and increase its water resistance.2. Addition of the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as thickening agent in aluminized WFE causes copious gas emission and swelling and layer separation of the charge, and in some cases even separation of water and formation of hydrargillite. Addition of borax solution as a cross-linking agent in combination with CMC has little effect in reducing the gas emission and layer separation of WFE with aluminum. These factors show that it is undesirable to use CMC in water-filled aluminum-containing compositions.3. Experiments show that as an individual thickening agent for aluminized WFE, not requiring a crosslinking agent, successful use can be made of starch or cereal flour, added by means of a technology developed at LGI. The water resistance and stability of the WFE with aluminum are better than the analogous indices of compositions based on traditional thickening agents such as PAA or GG. 4. By charging under a separating layer, whatever the stagnant water column height it is possible to reduce the AN losses from the charge to a minimum. THE ROLE OF GASEOUS DETONATION PRODUCTS IN EXPLOSIONS IN GRANULAR MEDIA V. V. Vorob'ev, I. G. Zakharova, V. M. Komir, V. M. Kuznetsov, and A. F. ShatsukevichThe extensive use of blasting has imposed stricter requirements on the efficiency of industrial explosions. Bearing in mind that in explosions in the ground the efficiency is no more than 4-6%, we can readily understand the interest displayed in the physics of an explosion in the ground, the calculation and selection of efficient blasting parameters, the selection of the optimal range of explosives (E), and the rationalization of operations associated with explosive charges.Recently, many reports [1][2][3][4][5] have been devoted to elucidation of the relative role of the compression wave and the detonation products (DP) in explosions in porous media. Zel'manov et al. [ 1] gave the results of experimental investigations of an electrical explosion in dry sand. Since such an explosion has practically no true explosion products, to estimate the influence of DP on explosive loading of granular media, gas-forming substances (iodine crystals and ammonium chloride) were added to the center of the electrical explosion. Measurements showed that with addition of gas-forming substances the mass velocity increases by a factor of 1.3-2. The introduction of gas-forming substances increases the efficien...