The role of gender in the acquisition of the Serbian case system

Abstract

Serbo-Croatian is marked for seven cases and has a noun class vs. gender distinction. Given the complexity of the inflectional system, we look at Serbo-Croatian as a case study in case acquisition. We explore different correlations available in the input that children could leverage to acquire the case system in Serbo-Croatian. We ask three main questions: 1) does a noun’s gender predict the noun’s nominative singular suffix? 2) does a noun’s nominative singular suffix predict the noun’s gender? and 3) does a noun’s noun class predict the noun’s gender? Specifically, we ask whether the language input provides children with sufficient evidence to form these three productive generalizations. To test this, we apply the Tolerance Principle (Yang, 2016) to a corpus of 270 inflected Serbian nouns. Within this set of data, we find that: 1) all nominative singular suffixes productively predict a gender; 2) all genders productively predict a nominative singular suffix (with the exception of the neuter gender which predicts two suffixes); and 3) two of the three noun classes predict a single gender. We conclude that the input provides sufficient evidence for these productive correlations and we argue that children can leverage these generalizations to infer the declension patterns or gender of novel nouns. We discuss how, given these findings, children could acquire most of the inflectional system by focusing on gender as a categorization system for nouns, without needing to posit abstract categories of noun class.

Rules and exceptions: A Tolerance Principle account of the possessive suffix in Northern East Cree

“…In addition to German noun plurals, this includes the English past tense and noun plurals, "Dative Sickness" in Icelandic, and inflectional gaps in English, Polish, Russian, and Spanish. Following these case studies, Pophristic and Schuler (2021) employ the TP to draw predictions about the productivity of noun suffixes in Serbian, although they do not actually test these predictions with child language data. Björnsdóttir (2021) applies the TP to generate and test predictions about the acquisition of noun inflection in Icelandic, using corpus and experimental data to argue that children follow patterns corresponding to productive and unproductive rules predicted by the TP.…”