The Role of Genetics and Environment in Lifting Force and Isometric Trunk Extensor Endurance

Ropponen, Annina; Levälahti, Esko; Videman, Tapio; Kaprio, Jaakko; Battié, Michele C.

doi:10.1093/ptj/84.7.608

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…On the other hand, detecting only 30% of genetic dominance with a power of 80% (Ac = 25%, Dc = 20%, Ec = 10%, As = 15%, Ds = 10%, Es = 20%) would require a sample size of approximately 1925 subjects. The low DZ correlations for MCSA, Fecc and Fcon might be due to sampling error, as in other studies DZ correlations are considerably higher (Arden & Spector, 1997;Ropponen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Covariance of Isometric and Dynamic Arm Contractions: Multivariate Genetic Analysis

et al. 2007

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The purpose of the present study was to examine genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in maximal isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle strength and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) of the elbow flexors. A generality versus specificity hypothesis was explored to test whether the 4 strength variables share a genetic component or common factors in the environment or whether the genetic/environmental factors are specific for each strength variable. The 4 variables under study were measured in 25 monozygotic and 16 dizygotic male Caucasian twin pairs (22.4 +/- 3.7 years). The multivariate genetic analyses showed that all 4 variables shared a genetic and environmental component, which accounted for 43% and 6% in MCSA (h2 = 81%), 47% and 20% in eccentric (h2 = 65%), 58% and 4% in isometric (h2 = 70%) and 32% and 1% in concentric strength (h2 = 32%) respectively. The remaining variation was accounted for by contraction type specific and muscle cross-sectional area specific genetic and environmental effects, which accounted for 38% and 14% in MCSA, 18% and 15% in eccentric, 12% and 26% in isometric and 0% and 67% in concentric strength respectively. This exploratory multivariate study suggests shared pleiotropic gene action for MCSA, eccentric, isometric and concentric strength, with a moderate to high genetic contribution to the variability of these characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Covariance of Isometric and Dynamic Arm Contractions: Multivariate Genetic Analysis

et al. 2007

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“…Of the 38 measurements obtained using SEM models, 21 adopted AE models and 12 adopted the ACE models. Only two measurements indicated a non‐additive genetic effect (D) . The common environmental effect (C) ranged from 0 to 0.53 (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability estimates of muscle strength‐related phenotypes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Zempo

Miyamoto‐Mikami

Kikuchi

et al. 2016

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the heritability estimates of human muscle strength-related phenotypes (H -msp). A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed (through August 22, 2016). Studies reporting the H -msp for healthy subjects in a sedentary state were included. Random-effects models were used to calculate the weighted mean heritability estimates. Moreover, subgroup analyses were performed based on phenotypic categories (eg, grip strength, isotonic strength, jumping ability). Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity of H -msp, which included age and sex. Twenty-four articles including 58 measurements were included in the meta-analysis. The weighted mean H -msp for all 58 measurements was 0.52 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.48-0.56), with high heterogeneity (I =91.0%, P<.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the heritability of isometric grip strength, other isometric strength, isotonic strength, isokinetic strength, jumping ability, and other power measurements was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46-0.67), 0.49 (0.47-0.52), 0.49 (0.32-0.67), 0.49 (0.37-0.61), 0.55 (0.45-0.65), and 0.51 (0.31-0.70), respectively. The H -msp decreased with age (P<.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that the influence of genetic and environmental factors on muscle strength-related phenotypes is comparable. Moreover, the role of environmental factors increased with age. These findings may contribute toward an understanding of muscle strength-related phenotypes.

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“…RES training produced no significant correlations for either zygosity. Previous CX baseline strength assessment studies of twins (Thomis et al 1998;Ropponen et al 2004;Maridaki, 2006;Beunen et al 2011) have revealed a wide range of r MZ of 0.29-0.90. These conflicting results have resulted in strength responses to RES training being labelled as highly environmental, or highly genetic (Thibault et al 1986;Thomis et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fitness and strength responses to distinct exercise modes in twins: Studies of Twin Responses to Understand Exercise as a THerapy (STRUETH) study

Marsh

Thomas

Naylor

et al. 2020

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Exercise is considered medicine; however, the individual degree of responsiveness to a standardized dose of exercise is idiosyncratic. Individual responsiveness between distinct exercise modalities and the genetic/environmental contributions to exercise response are not well understood. In this novel randomized cross‐over design study, monozygotic and dizygotic twins, as pairs, underwent 3 months of resistance and endurance training, separated by a 3 month washout period, aiming to assess training responses in strength and fitness outcomes to dichotomous training modalities, as well as the genetic/environmental contributions to exercise response. Our findings indicate that (i) individual responsiveness differs between exercise modalities; (ii) low‐responders to one mode may be ‘rescued’ by switching to an alternate mode of exercise; and (iii) genes may not play as large a role, as previously estimated from cross‐sectional data, for exercise training adaptation. The present study has implications for those charged with optimizing the benefits of exercise by means of individualizing the exercise prescription. Abstract Exercise response is idiosyncratic, although the degree of responsiveness, concordance in response between modalities and genetic contribution to responsiveness are not well understood. We investigated this using a novel randomized cross‐over design of dichotomous exercise interventions in mono‐(MZ) and di‐zygotic (DZ) twin pairs. We studied strength (1RM) and fitness (V̇O2max) responses in 84 same‐sex untrained twins (30 MZ, 12 DZ pairs; 24.9 ± 5.4 years). Twins, as pairs, underwent 3 months of resistance (RES) and endurance (END) training, separated by a 3 month washout period. Training responses and genetic/environmental contributions to responses were assessed. Leg strength 1RM increased following RES but not END (△47 ± 29 vs. 3 ± 26 kg; P < 0.001), whereas V̇O2max increased following END but not RES (△0.25 ± 0.26 vs. 0.04 ± 0.25 L min−1; P < 0.001). A higher percentage of individuals responded to RES for strength and to END for V̇O2max (P < 0.0001). Within‐individual responses to each mode were not correlated (P > 0.05). Cross‐sectional intraclass correlations were higher for MZ than DZ pairs for all variables, largely as a result of shared environment. Following training, MZ, but not DZ pairs, were significantly correlated for strength change to RES (rMZ = 0.62, P = 0.002) and END (rMZ = 0.36, P = 0.04), and for V̇O2max change to END (L min−1, rMZ = 0.45, P = 0.02) with a mixture of unshared/shared environmental contributions. Our findings indicate that individual responsiveness differs between modalities and low‐responders to one mode may be ‘rescued’ by switching to an alternate mode. Additionally, genes may not play as large a role as previously estimated from cross‐sectional data for training adaptation, and/or cross‐sectional data do not reflect longitudinal training effects. The present study has implications for optimizing the individualization of exercise prescription.

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The Role of Genetics and Environment in Lifting Force and Isometric Trunk Extensor Endurance

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Covariance of Isometric and Dynamic Arm Contractions: Multivariate Genetic Analysis

Covariance of Isometric and Dynamic Arm Contractions: Multivariate Genetic Analysis

Heritability estimates of muscle strength‐related phenotypes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Fitness and strength responses to distinct exercise modes in twins: Studies of Twin Responses to Understand Exercise as a THerapy (STRUETH) study

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