The role of gluten in multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, autoimmune thyroid diseases and type 1 diabetes

Passali, Moschoula; Antvorskov, Julie Christine; Frederiksen, Jette; Josefsen, Knud

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821571-5.00003-9

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 172 publications

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“…Additionally, Europeans who are closely related genetically, but separated socioeconomically, tend to acquire substantially different type 1 diabetes risks [10]. Many different environmental factors could contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes such as infections, toxins, and dietary factors [9,11]. The impact of pre-and postnatal environmental factors on disease seems to be crucial because the process leading to IA starts very early in life; seroconversion has a peak incidence or median at around 9-12 months of age in children later diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, illustrating the importance of early environmental determinants [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Dietary Factors during Pregnancy on the Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review

Johansen,

Josefsen,

Antvorskov

2023

Nutrients

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Aims and hypothesis: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is considerably increasing in western countries. Thus, identification of the environmental determinants involved could ultimately lead to disease prevention. Here, we aimed to systematically review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022362522) the current evidence of the association between maternal dietary factors during gestation and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes and/or islet autoimmunity (IA) in murine and human offspring. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the present systematic review searched PubMed and Scopus (n = 343) for different combinations of MeSH terms, such as type 1 diabetes, diet, islet autoimmunity, prenatal, nutrient, gluten, gliadin, vitamin, milk, and fibers. Results: We found that the most investigated dietary factors in the present literature were gluten, dietary advanced glycosylated end products (dAGEs), vitamin D, fatty acids, and iron. The results concerning prenatal exposure to a gluten-free environment showed a consistently protective effect on the development of IA. Prenatal exposures to vitamin D and certain fatty acids appeared to protect against the development of IA, whereas in utero iron and fat exposures correlated with increased risks of IA. Conclusion: We conclude that a definite association is not established for most factors investigated as the literature represents a heterogeneous pool of data, although fetal exposures to some maternal dietary components, such as gluten, show consistent associations with increased risks of IA. We suggest that human prospective dietary intervention studies in both cohort and clinical settings are crucial to better evaluate critical and protective prenatal exposures from the maternal diet during pregnancy.

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