The role of GPR56/ADGRG1 in health and disease

Abstract

GPR56/ADGRG1 is a versatile adhesion G protein-coupled receptor important in the physiological functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, reproductive system, muscle hypertrophy, immune regulation, and hematopoietic stem cell generation. By contrast, aberrant expression or deregulated functions of GPR56 have been implicated in diverse pathological processes, including bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria, depression, and tumorigenesis. In this review article, we summarize and discuss the current understandings of the role of GPR56 in health and disease.

Ligands and Beyond: Mechanosensitive Adhesion GPCRs

“…GPR56 transcripts were broadly detected in the brain, thyroid, pancreas, kidney, testis, skeletal muscle, and the hematopoietic system [88]. Consistently, GPR56 has been found to be functionally important in diverse physiological and pathological processes [88].…”

“…GPR56 transcripts were broadly detected in the brain, thyroid, pancreas, kidney, testis, skeletal muscle, and the hematopoietic system [88]. Consistently, GPR56 has been found to be functionally important in diverse physiological and pathological processes [88]. The most recognized biological function of GPR56 is its essential role in the normal cerebral cortical development as its loss-off-function resulted in bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP), a rare genetic disorder affecting the cerebral cortex, in the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain [17].…”

“…In addition to the central nervous system (CNS), GPR56 is also involved in the myelination of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), myelin repair in CNS neurons, the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy [88,93]. Giera et al showed that GPR56 is expressed in OPCs and its activation by microglia-derived TG2 in the presence of the ECM laminin protein promotes OPC proliferation during developmental myelination and improves remyelination in two animal models of myelin repair [83].…”

Role of ADGRG1/GPR56 in Tumor Progression

“…GPR56 was expressed in mouse Sertoli cells as well as Mullerian duct epithelium of avian female gonads [ 67 , 68 ]. For the general review of the role of GPR56 in health and disease, the readers are referred to a recent review article [ 69 ].…”

Greek gods and the double-edged sword of liver regeneration

“…As such, the receptor is also involved in abnormal functioning of the nervous system as well as cancer development. GPR56 is consequently an important target for developing diagnostic tools and therapeutics [ 17 ]. A recent study for example showed that chronic, stress-induced downregulation of GPR56 leads to depression with suicidal tendencies and poor or no response to treatment with antidepressants.…”