The role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in the immune system

Buul-Offers, S. C. van; Kooijman, Ron

doi:10.1007/s000180050237

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…This may be directly through the immune system (29) or through stimulation of secretion of endothelial adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, which can promote leukocyte extravasation (30). Another hypothesis relates to the effect of GH on visceral and central fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active acromegaly is associated with decreased hs-CRP and NT-proBNP serum levels: insights from the Belgian registry of acromegaly

Verhelst

Velkeniers²,

Maiter

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Patients with active acromegaly have an increased prevalence of cardiomyopathy and heart failure but a less than expected risk of coronary artery disease, considering the frequent association of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We examined whether changes in high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) might contribute to this phenomenon. Design and methods: Two hundred patients of the Belgian acromegaly registry (AcroBel) were divided in two groups: active disease (IGF1 Z-score O2; nZ95) and controlled disease (IGF1 Z-score %2; nZ105). Serum levels of hs-CRP and NT-proBNP were measured and correlated with BMI, blood pressure, fasting lipids, fasting glucose and insulin, HbA1c, IGF1, interleukin 6 (IL6), adiponectin, and sE-selectin. In a subset of acromegaly patients, hs-CRP, IL6, and NT-proBNP levels were also compared with those/the values of an age-, gender-, and BMI-matched reference group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active acromegaly is associated with decreased hs-CRP and NT-proBNP serum levels: insights from the Belgian registry of acromegaly

Verhelst

Velkeniers²,

Maiter

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Cytokines, the soluble factors secreted by the immune cells, exert biological actions on the endocrine system (Silva et al 1998), conversely, a variety of hormones and peptide growth factors have receptors in the tissues of the immune system and modulate immune functions (Dorshkind & Horseman 2000). IGF-I and IGF-II are not only involved in endocrine modulation of the development and function of the immune system, but also act as cytokines to regulate local growth and differentiation (Buul-Offers & Kooijman 1998, Jeay et al 2002. As important regulators, IGFBPs may also be involved in these processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 inhibits growth of the thymus in transgenic mice

Zhou¹,

Flaswinkel²,

Schneider³

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-4 is a consistent inhibitor of IGF actions. In order to investigate the functions of IGFBP-4 in vivo, transgenic mice were generated by microinjection of a transgene, in which the murine Igfbp4 cDNA is driven by the H-2K b promoter, and followed by a splicing cassette and polyadenylation signal of the human -globin gene. Transgene mRNA was expressed ubiquitously, and elevated IGFBP-4 protein was detected in the spleen, thymus, kidney and lung of transgenic mice. The activities of serum IGFBPs were not changed in transgenic mice. Immunohistochemical studies revealed transgene expression predominantly in the thymic medulla and red pulp of the spleen. Body weight and the weights of the spleen, kidney and lung of transgenic mice were not different from controls. In contrast, the thymus of transgenic mice showed a significantly reduced weight and cortex volume. In transgenic thymus and spleen, cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was stimulated. Transgenic mice showed normal T-and B-cell development and normal basal plasma immunoglobulin levels. In conclusion, overexpression of IGFBP-4 inhibits growth of the thymus. IGFBP-4 excess inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in lymphoid tissues, but does not affect lymphocyte development. These findings suggest that IGFBP-4 is a potential growth inhibitor of lymphoid tissues.

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“…It has been well established that GH and IGF-I affect the development and function of the immune system (117). Most defects in the GH-IGF-I axis are not associated with immune disorders, except the STAT5b mutation.…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic disorders in the GH–IGF-I axis in mouse and man

Walenkamp

Wit²

2007

eur j endocrinol

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Animal knockout experiments have offered the opportunity to study genes that play a role in growth and development. In the last few years, reports of patients with genetic defects in GH-IGF-I axis have greatly increased our knowledge of genetically determined causes of short stature. We will present the animal data and human reports of genetic disorders in the GH-IGF-I axis in order to describe the role of the GH-IGF-I axis in intrauterine and postnatal growth. In addition, the effects of the GH-IGF-I axis on the development and function of different organ systems such as brain, inner ear, eye, skeleton, glucose homeostasis, gonadal function, and immune system will be discussed. The number of patients with genetic defects in the GH-IGF-I axis is small, and a systematic diagnostic approach and selective genetic analysis in a patient with short stature are essential to identify more patients. Finally, the implications of a genetic defect in the GH-IGF-I axis for the patient and the therapeutic options will be discussed.European Journal of Endocrinology 157 S15-S26

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The role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in the immune system

Cited by 66 publications

References 153 publications

Active acromegaly is associated with decreased hs-CRP and NT-proBNP serum levels: insights from the Belgian registry of acromegaly

Active acromegaly is associated with decreased hs-CRP and NT-proBNP serum levels: insights from the Belgian registry of acromegaly

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 inhibits growth of the thymus in transgenic mice

Genetic disorders in the GH–IGF-I axis in mouse and man

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