The role of gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and prognosis

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune‐mediated intestinal disease consisting of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is believed to be developed as a result of interactions between environmental, immune‐mediated and microbial factors in a genetically susceptible host. Recent advances in high‐throughput sequencing technologies have aided the identification of consistent alterations of the gut microbiome in patients with IBD. Preclinical and murine models have also shed light on the role of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in IBD. These findings have stimulated interest in development of non‐invasive microbial and metabolite biomarkers for predicting disease risk, disease progression, recurrence after surgery and responses to therapeutics. This review briefly summarizes the current evidence on the role of gut microbiome in IBD pathogenesis and mainly discusses the latest literature on the utilization of potential microbial biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis.

An integrative multi-omic analysis defines gut microbiota, mycobiota, and metabolic fingerprints in ulcerative colitis patients

“…These results agree with other studies describing the composition of the gut microbiota in IBD and specifically in UC, reinforcing the evidence that bacterial intestinal dysbiosis is a strong signature of this disease. Today, microbial biomarkers are proposed for monitoring and evaluating disease activity, predicting recurrence or response to treatment, and treating diseases ( Guo et al., 2022 ; Zheng et al., 2022 ; Huang et al., 2023 ).…”

Changing paradigms in management of inflammatory bowel disease

“…In recent years, the link between microbiome and IBD pathogenesis, and the application of microbiome-based biomarkers in IBD precision medicine have been approached with great interest. In line with this, Zheng et al 4 summarized the current evidence regarding the impact of microbiota on IBD pathogenesis and discussed the latest literature on the utilization of potential microbial biomarkers in predicting disease risk, disease progression, and responses to therapeutics. Understanding the impact of the abovementioned environmental factors and microbiome on IBD risk is vital for the development of IBD burden-attenuating strategies, such as tertiary prevention and primary prevention.…”

Alterations in Gut Microbiota as Early Biomarkers for Predicting Inflammatory Bowel Disease Onset and Progression: A Systematic Review

“…An imbalance in the correlation between Th17/Treg and their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause or propagate disease pathogenesis. This suggests a link between dysbiosis and disease etiology [ 17 ].…”

“…Alterations in the structure and role of the gut microbiota, such as a reduction in favorable bacteria and a rise in potentially detrimental ones, can act as markers of disease progression. By monitoring changes in the gut microbiota, clinicians may be able to detect IBD at an early stage, track its progression, and even assess the effectiveness of treatments [ 17 ].…”