The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases

Pascale, Alessia; Marchesi, Nicoletta; Govoni, Stefano; Coppola, Adriana; Gazzaruso, Carmine

doi:10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.011

Cited by 214 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our results showed that nephrolithiasis patients had significant lower species diversity in urine. According to previous literature, decreased microbiota diversity was related to inflammation and implicated in diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes [21]. Moreover, we found several bacterial taxa associated with inflammation were overrepresented or underrepresented in the urine of kidney stone patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Profiling the urinary microbiome in men with calcium-based kidney stones

Xie

Huang

et al. 2020

BMC Microbiol

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Background: The dogma that urine is sterile in healthy individuals has been overturned by recent studies applying molecular-based methods. Mounting evidences indicate that dysbiosis of the urinary microbiota is associated with several urological diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the urinary microbiome of male patients with calcium-based kidney stones and compare it with those of healthy individuals. Results: The diversity of the urinary microbiota in kidney stone patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls based on the Shannon and Simpson index (P < 0.001 for both indices). The urinary microbiota structure also significantly differed between kidney stone patients and healthy controls (ANOSIM, R = 0.11, P < 0.001). Differential representation of inflammation associated bacteria (e.g., Acinetobacter) and several enriched functional pathways were identified in the urine of kidney stones patients. Meanwhile, we found the species diversity, overall composition of microbiota and predicted functional pathways were similar between bladder urine and renal pelvis urine in kidney stone patients. Conclusions:A marked dysbiosis of urinary microbiota in male patients with calcium-based kidney stones was observed, which may be helpful to interpret the association between bacteria and calcium-based kidney stones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Profiling the urinary microbiome in men with calcium-based kidney stones

Xie

Huang

et al. 2020

BMC Microbiol

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“…Gut dysbiosis is typically characterized by a lower diversity and richness of the microbial communities, an increase in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B), and altered short chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing bacteria, with an increase in lactate-producing bacteria and a decrease in acetateand butyrate-producing bacteria [123,124]. In recent years, a growing body of evidence points to a relationship between gut dysbiosis and many diseases, including essential hypertension [124,125], obesity [126,127], inflammation [128] neurologic disorders [129], and pulmonary hypertension [130].…”

Section: Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

et al. 2020

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by sustained vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, inflammation, and in situ thrombosis. Although there have been important advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of PAH, it remains a debilitating, limiting, and rapidly progressive disease. Vitamin D and iron deficiency are worldwide health problems of pandemic proportions. Notably, these nutritional alterations are largely more prevalent in PAH patients than in the general population and there are several pieces of evidence suggesting that they may trigger or aggravate disease progression. There are also several case reports associating scurvy, due to severe vitamin C deficiency, with PAH. Flavonoids such as quercetin, isoflavonoids such as genistein, and other dietary polyphenols including resveratrol slow the progression of the disease in animal models of PAH. Finally, the role of the gut microbiota and its interplay with the diet, host immune system, and energy metabolism is emerging in multiple cardiovascular diseases. The alteration of the gut microbiota has also been reported in animal models of PAH. It is thus possible that in the near future interventions targeting the nutritional status and the gut dysbiosis will improve the outcome of these patients.

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“…At present, the majority of research has demonstrated the beneficial impact of A. muciniphila in the prevention and amelioration of metabolic disorders and obesity. And type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been characterized as featuring a lower level of A. muciniphila, lowgrade inflammation, and gut permeability disruption (Pascale et al, 2019). The enrichment degree of A. muciniphila can be used as an indicator to evaluate body metabolic status, including glucose homeostasis, serum lipids, and the adipocyte distribution in human (Dao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in Obesity: Interactions With Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response and Gut Systems

et al. 2020

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Obesity and its metabolic syndrome, including liver disorders and type 2 diabetes, are a worldwide epidemic and are intimately linked to diet. The gut microbiota interaction has been pointed to as a hot topic of research in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases by influencing energy metabolism and the immune system. In terms of the novel beneficial microbes identified, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) colonizes the mucosa layer of the gut and modulates basal metabolism. A. muciniphila is consistently correlated with obesity. The causal beneficial impact of A. muciniphila treatment on obesity is coming to light, having been proved by a variety of animal models and human studies. A. muciniphila has been characterized as a beneficial player in body metabolism and has great prospects for treatments of the metabolic disorders associated with obesity, as well as being considered for next-generation therapeutic agents. This paper aimed to investigate the basic mechanism underlying the relation of A. muciniphila to obesity and its host interactions, as identified in recent discoveries, facilitating the establishment of the causal relationship in A. muciniphila-associated therapeutic supplement in humans.

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The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases

Cited by 214 publications

References 32 publications

Profiling the urinary microbiome in men with calcium-based kidney stones

Profiling the urinary microbiome in men with calcium-based kidney stones

Impact of Nutrition on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in Obesity: Interactions With Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response and Gut Systems

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